Šiuolaikiniai mąstymo ir jo ugdymo tyrimų projektai

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Šiuolaikiniai mąstymo ir jo ugdymo tyrimų projektai
Alternative Title:
Contemporary projects of thinking investigation and teaching how to think
In the Journal:
Acta paedagogica Vilnensia. 2001, t. 8, p. 123-137
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama įvairaus amžiaus ugdytinių gero mąstymo samprata šiuolaikinėse ugdymo teorijose. Atskleidžiama mąstymo ugdymo kilmė, klasikinės pedagogikos požiūris į mąstymą, įvairios šiuolaikinės mąstymo ugdymo strategijos ir pagrindinės tendencijos. Pedagoginė literatūra analizuota filosofiniu irpsichologiniu požiūriu. Užsienio mokslinėje literatūroje pateikiamų mąstymo ugdymo projektų lyginamoji analizė atskleidė, kad visos tyrinėtojų grupės pabrėžia labai panašius gero mąstymo požymius: aiškumą, logiškumą, sąvokų tikslinimą, nuoseklumą, kryptingumą, atsižvelgimai prielaidas, akivaizdumą, argumentavimą, implikacijos taikymą, išvadų ir sprendimų darymą, refleksiją, kontekstualumą, alternatyvų svarstymą, patirties integravimą. Tai turi suteiki pagrįstumo daromiems sprendimams ir formuluojamoms išvadoms. Kritiškumas ir reflektyvumas, kaip svarbiausi mąstymo reikalavimai, visais požiūriais mokymo projektuose išlaiko savo vertę. Juos siūloma ugdyti per įvairias pamokas arba tam skirti filosofijos pamokas. Kritiškumas ir reflektyvumas yra pamatiniai ir moksleivio, ir studento, ir mokytojo mąstyme, todėl jiems reikia ypatingo švietėjų dėmesio. Pateikti užsienio tyrinėtojų svarstymai rodo, kad vienos nuomonės, ką reiškia geras mąstymas, kurio reikia mokytis, nėra. Autorių ginčas suponuoja teorijų įvairovę, skirtingas mokymo mąstyti perspektyvas ir palieka erdvę skleisti naujoms teorijoms.

ENLithuanian system of education is based on teaching how to know more information and does not care how to make our thinking better. Teaching of thinking is a very important problem, but we do not have any series research work on this theme. On the contrary, in foreign scientific literature where there are a lot of investigations and suggestions about teaching of thinking. The main task of this article is to investigate teaching of thinking: different definitions of good thinking, model, conditions to teach it. It was done by using literature research method. Varies conceptions about good thinking were founded: critical, reflective, reasonable, creative, higher - older, competitive thinking. All of them have similar teachers: clear, logical, directed, contextual, use experience and obvious examples, ordered, can implicate and lead to consequences. Investigators are divided according to their philosophical or psychological position. Therefore, criticism and reflectivness are defined as fundamental for good thinking. Educators suggest teaching how to think critically and reflectively during different lectures or to teach it at philosophy lessons. Teaching of better thinking is recommended not only for students, but also for teaches. [From the publication]The article analyses the concept of good thinking of pupils in contemporary education theories. It discloses the origin of the development of thinking, classical pedagogical attitude towards thinking, and various contemporary strategies and the main tendencies of the development of thinking. The author analysed pedagogical literature from a philosophical perspective. Comparative analysis of project of the development of thinking, delivered in foreign literature, disclosed all groups of researchers emphasise similar features of good thinking: clarity, logics, preciseness of concepts, consistency, single-mindedness, consideration of presumptions, evidence, argumentation, the application of the implication, making conclusions and decisions, reflexion, contextualism, consideration of alternatives, and integration of experience. This should add substantiation to decisions made and conclusions formulated. Criticism and reflexion, as the most important requirements of thinking, kept their value in scientific project from all perspectives. They shall be developed during various lectures or special philosophy lectures. Criticism and reflextion are the basics of schoolchildren’ and students’ thinking, thus they need special attention of the educators. Considerations of foreign researchers delivered show that there is no uniform opinion what good thinking is. Discussion of the authors imposes the variety of theories, different perspective of teaching thinking, and leaves space for new theories.

ISSN:
1392-5016; 1648-665X
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/16818
Updated:
2018-12-17 10:52:47
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