Lėtine psichikos liga sergančio asmens vaidmenų pokyčiai

LT[...] Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti, kaip keitėsi lėtine psichikos liga sergančių asmenų vaidmens suvokimas Lietuvos kontekste. Taikant mokslinės literatūros analizės metodą, pristatomas lėtinės psichikos ligos sampratos sociologinis diskursas, nubrėžiamas tradicinis "sergančiojo vaidmuo", aptariami nauji lėtine psichikos liga sergančių asmenų vaidmenys, atskleidžiamas psichikos ligos sampratos ryšys su sergančiojo vaidmens suvokimu. Lėtinės psichikos ligos reiškinio supratimas turi įtakos "sergančio" asmens vaidmens apibrėžimui. T. Parsonso "sergančio vaidmens" apibūdinimas sutampa su "paciento" ir "psichikos ligonio" vaidmens suvokimu. "Sergančiojo vaidmuo" ypač negatyvus sergant lėtine psichikos liga, kuri yra stigmatizuojama bei apibūdinama netikrumu ir nenuspėjamumu. Sociologinis psichikos ligos diskursas prisideda prie kintančių lėtine psichikos liga sergančių asmenų vaidmenų suvokimo šių dienų sociokultūriniame ir politiniame kontekste. Šalia "paciento" vaidmens, nurodančio tradicinį medicininį diskursą, atsiranda mažiau stigmatizuojantis "kliento" vaidmuo, "vartotojo" vaidmuo, susijęs su aktyvia laikysena savo sveikatos ir gerovės atžvilgiu, "išgyvenusio psichiatrinę priežiūrą" vaidmuo, žymintis radikalią psichiatrijos ir psichiatrinės priežiūros kritiką, bei "paslaugų teikėjo" vaidmuo, įtraukiantis sergantį psichikos liga asmenį į sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų organizavimą ir teikimą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lėtinė psichikos liga; Sergančiojo vaidmuo; Deinstitucionalizacija; Chronic mental disease; Sick role; Deinstitualization.

ENMental health is one of the most vulnerable aspects of human life. Mental diseases tend to be persistent and often result in long periods of incapacity. The purpose of the article is to explore the different ways in which those who use mental health services can be understood sociologically. There are analysed sociological concepts of mental diseases in the light of the theoretic perspectives of such authors as E. Durkheim, T. Parsons, M. Foucault, A. Giddens, P. Bourdieu. The changing role of psychiatric patients in mental health services is reflected. The topic discussed in the article is the perspective of mental disease in sociology. The other topic is Parson's "sick role" which is adequate to the mental patient's role and the client's role which is growing since the beginning of social work in psychiatry. The third topic is the new roles of consumer, survivor, provider which rise from the growing collective activities of mental health users over the last decade in Lithuania. To conclude, we could say that the understanding of the phenomenon of mental illness influences the definition of the sick person's role. A sick role is defined more negatively when we talk about chronic mental illness which is stigmatized and characterized as uncertain and unpredictable. The sociological discourse of mental illness contributes to understanding the new roles of psychiatric clients in the present-day social-cultural and political context of Lithuania. [From the publication][...] The article aims to disclose the assumption of people with chronic mental diseases in a context of Lithuania. On the basis of scientific literature analysis, the author presents a sociological discourse of the assumption of chronic mental disease, defines traditional “role” of people suffering from such diseases, discusses new roles of such people, and discloses the relationship of the assumption of mental diseases with understanding of the role of sick people. The assumption of phenomenon of chronic mental disease influences the definition of a role of “sick” people. T. Parson definition of the “role of sick people” coincides with the assumption of the role of “patient” and “mental patient”. The role of “sick person” is especially negative in case of chronic mental disease, which is stigmatised and described by uncertainty and unpredictability. Sociological discourse of mental disease contributes to changing assumption of role of mentally sick people in contemporary socio-cultural and political context. The role of the “patient’, which identifies traditional medicinal discourse, such less stigmatic roles as “a client” and “a consumer” (related to active position towards ones health and welfare), “a person who experienced psychiatric treatment” (indicating radical criticism in regards to psychiatry and psychiatric treatment), and “service provider” (involving mentally sick people into organisation and delivery of health care services) appear.

• Psichologija / Psychology
• Sociologija / Sociology