XIX a. pirmosios pusės Kairėnų dvaro kultūrinis gyvenimas
LTDvarų kultura Lietuvoje gyvavo kelis šimtmečius. Jos palikimas - Lietuvos Didžiojo kunigaikščio rūmų, didikų, Bažnyčios hierarchų kaupti meno kūriniai, rašytiniai ir istoriniai paminklai, bibliotekos, archyvai. Dabar kadaise aristokratijos puoselėtą prabangią ir turtingą kultūrą liudija tik jos fragmentai - išlikę architektūriniai dvarų ansambliai, meno kūriniai ir jų kolekcijos, archyvuose bei bibliotekose saugomi dažnai pavieniai arba tik labai specifiniai - siauros srities dokumentai ir pan. Todėl tyrinėjant garsių giminių istoriją, rūmų architektūrą, parkus, meno kolekcijas, praeities kultūrinį gyvenimą sunku išvengti faktų fragmentiškumo, stinga išsamesnių šaltinių, apibendrinamųjų darbų. Lietuvos dvarų istorijoje minėtinas Kairėnų dvaras, XIX a. pirmojoje pusėje turėjęs nemažos reikšmės Vilniaus visuomeniniam ir kultūriniam gyvenimui. Tuo metu dvarą valdė grafai Darata ir Juozapas Lopacinskiai. Ši giminė priklausė mažiau garsių LDK didikų sluoksniui, tačiau daug jos atstovų pasižymėjo kryptinga valstybine, kultūrine, visuomenine veikla, buvo mokslo, meno, švietimo mecenatai. Tai Žemaičių vyskupas Ignas Domininkas Lopacinskis, vaivada Mikalojus Tadas Bernardas Lopacinskis, pramonės ir technikos mokslų kūrėjas Jonas Nikodemas Lopacinskis, XX a. archyvininkas ir kraštotyrininkas, istorikas Euzebįjušas Lopacinskis. Tolimesnis Kairėnų likimas nebuvo toks palankus. Dvaro ekonominė galia nebepajėgė tenkinti išlaidaus gyvenimo poreikių, prabangių grafienės kultūrinės veiklos užmojų. Kairėnų dvaro kultūrinis gyvenimas nunyko, ypač po 1857 m., mirus grafienei Daratai.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Regionų kultūra; Dvaras; Menai; Literatūra; Regional culture; Estate; Literature.
ENThe estate of Kairėnai which is a worth to be recognised throughout the history of Lithuanian estates was of not a little significance to Vilnius' public and cultural life in the early 19lh century. Meanwhile the estate belonged to the ducal family of Juozapas and Darata Lopacinskiai. It was famous for its orchestra and theatre that functioned under the quardianship of Duchess Darata Morikonytė-Lopacinska. Due to her care Kairėnai became the hearth of culture known by, as her contemporaries had it, the "Kairėnai way of life". In the summer time Vilnius' nobility would visit concerts and performances to see their favourite comedies by the outstanding nineteenth century playright Alesandras Fredra. An abundance of significant facts on cultural environment in Kairėnai was presented in the memoirs "W Wilnie i w dworach litewskich 1815-1843" by Gabrijela Günther-Puzynina, a writer and a close friend to the family of Juozapas and Darata Lopacinskiai. The book provides historical and cultural events and gives a realistic picture of Lithuanian estates and particularly of the life of Vilnius' aristocracy. Duchess Darata Lopacinska's cultural interests, needs and ties were of a wide range. Her home in Vilnius and Kairėnai was a place where outstanding and noted people would get together - the poets Tomas Zanas, Adamas Mickiewiczius, Antanas Odyniecas, the singer and photographer Achilles Giuseppe, the physician and professor of Vilnius university Jozefas Mianowskis and others.The Duchess went on countless trips abroad visiting many different foreign countries. At her residence in Paris Darata Lopacinska was an enthusiastic hostess of banquets - concerts where numerous celebrities would give their performances. Her daughter Juzefą Lopacinska was given piano lessons by Frederic Chopin. The surviving letters from archives tell us about broad cultural and public relationships of the Lopacinskiai. Part of the private archive of the Lopacinskiai family is housed in the archives of the history of the Lithuanian state in the fund of the Vilnius Academic Friends' Association. The catalog of the Kairėnai estate's library was found in it. According to the record of the library collection for the period 1863 to 1880 the library contained books and items of editions in quantities of 6466 covering the literature on theatre, music, religion including studies of the most prominent philosophers and playrights, collections of poetry and prose, pieces of works, antique tragedies and comedies, and the like. Regrettably the files of the above archive do not contain documents on activities and cultural ties of the estate of Kairėnai as supplementary information adding to our knowledge about the estate. Presumably, like many other archival-historical sources, they were brought away from Lithuania in 1945 when lots of Polish scholars, historians, representatives of the public and cultural workers emigrated to Poland. [From the publication]The Lithuanian manor culture was alive for several centuries. Its heritage is the pieces of art, written and historical monuments, libraries and archives, accumulated in the palace of the Grand Duke of Lithuania, by noblemen and church hierarchs. Nowadays the rich and valuable culture, once nurtured by the aristocracy is evidenced only by its fragments, i. e. the surviving architecture ensembles of manors, pieces of art and their collections, isolated or very specific documents, stored in archives and libraries, etc.. Therefore when studying the history of famous families, the manor architecture, parks, art collections and the cultural life of the past it is difficult to avoid certain patchiness of facts, there is a lack of more comprehensive sources and summarizing studies. The manor of Kairėnai, which was quite significant in the social and cultural life of Vilnius in the first half of the 19th century, is mentioned in the Lithuanian manor historiography. At the time the manor was ruled by counts Darata and Juozapas Lopacinskis. The said family belonged to the layer of less known nobles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania however a lot of its representatives were engaged in state, cultural and social activities and were science, art and education sponsors. Those were the Samogitian bishop Ignas Domininkas Lopacinskis, voivode Mikalojus Tadas Bernardas Lopacinskis, developer of industry and technical sciences Jonas Nikodemas Lopacinskis, archivist, regional researcher and historian Euzebįjušas Lopacinskis. The later fate of Kairėnai was not so prosperous. The economic power of the manor failed to satisfy the high-spending demands and luxurious swing of the countess’s cultural activities. The cultural life of the Kairėnai manor deteriorated, especially after death of countess Darata in 1857.
