Menininkų socialinė padėtis

LTNors šiandien menininkams viešojoje erdvėje skiriama nemažai dėmesio, Lietuvoje sociologiniu požiūriu šis visuomenės sluoksnis praktiškai netyrinėtas. Straipsnyje pristatomo tyrimo tikslas - ištirti Lietuvos menininkų padėtį ir poreikius bei pateikti rekomendacijas jai gerinti. Šiuo tikslu buvo atliktos dvi apklausos: pirma, reprezentatyvi Lietuvos gyventojų apklausą, kurioje bandoma išsiaiškinti visuomenės nuomonę apie menininkų prestižą, požiūrį į paramą menininkams bei jiems teiktinas lengvatas (2000 m. balandžio 13-16 d., "Vilmorus"); antra, reprezentatyvi Lietuvos menininkų apklausą, kurioje tyrinėta meno atstovų savivoka, savo padėties bei poreikių, materialinio atlygio vertinimai, meninikų aktyvumas, socialinė ir ekonominė padėtis, santykiai su valstybinėmis ir visuomeninėmis institucijomis (2000 m. balandžio 20 d. - gegužės 18 d., Kultūros ir meno institutas). Tyrimo duomenys buvo palyginti su 1996 m. Latvijos kultūros ministerijos užsakymu atlikto menininkų tyrimo rezultatais. Remiantis analizės duomenimis straipsnyje suformuluotos rekomendacijos menininkų padėčiai Lietuvoje gerinti.

ENAlthough the Baltic seacoast range, belonging to Lithuania today is less than 100 km, the most beautiful Lithuanian tales and legends are related with the sea. The most popular are "Eglė Žalčių Karalienė" and "Jūratė ir Kastytis" (which suggests the origins of amber). In 1920 the legend of Jūratė and Kastytis was popularized by Maironis, who created a ballad on the subject. The said romantic story interested theatre creators but it was more frequently applied in the musical genre, rather than drama. Several years before Maironis wrote his poem, M. K. Čiurlionis took interest in the legend. Most probably he heard it from his wife Sofija Kymantaitė. The motive of the planned opera "Jūratė" was quite frequently mentioned in their correspondence. Čiurlionis urged his wife to write a libretto for the opera, which she did but unfortunately, it did not survive. It is known that Čiurlionis commenced composing the music for the opera and drew several scenographs. Lithuanian theatre directors returned to the subject in the twenties of the 20th century. The legend of amber was used in the first Lithuanian national ballet, the music to which was written by Juozas Gruodis with the scenography created by Adomas Galdikas in the art deco style. Although the duration of the show was only 35 minutes, it received favourable response from critics. In 1965 another staging of the ballet according to the music by J. Gruodis was made (with scenography by Juozas Jankus), which was of a significantly longer duration. The libretto was based by Maironis’s ballad. In expatriation an opera on the subject was created in 1955 by Kazimieras Viktoras Banaitis, however the opera was staged only in 1972 at the opera theatre of Chicago Lithuanians. In Lithuania the opera was staged in 1996 at Kaunas State Musical Theatre. At present there are no shows on the subject of amber in the repertoire of Lithuanian theatres.