Vaistininkai XVI a. Vilniuje

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama viena medicininių paslaugų rūšis - farmacininkų paslaugos XVI a. Vilniuje. Remiamasi įvairiais šaltiniais, tarp kurių dominuoja Lietuvos Metrikos įrašai. Nustatyta, kad mieste veikė dvi pagrindinės vaistininkų grupės: vilniečiai vaistininkai ir į miestą atvykstantys karaliaus bei didikų vaistininkai. Iš viso XVI a. miestiečiams paslaugas teikė ne mažiau kaip 31 vaistininkas. Pateikiamos šios profesijos atstovų biogramos, socialiniu aspektu apibūdinamos abi mieste veikusių vaistininkų grupes. Taip pat patikslinama seniausios vaistinės Vilniuje įsteigimo data, pateikiama nustatyta XVI a. mieste veikusių vaistinių topografija. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Vilnius; Socialinė istorija; Farmacijos istorija; Vaistinės; Vaistininkai; 16 amžius; Vilnius; Social history; Pharmaceutical history; Pharmacies; Pharmacists; 16th century.

ENThe article examines one kind of medical services, i.e. pharmaceutical services, in 16th century Vilnius. It uses various sources, among which Lithuanian Metrica entries predominate. It establishes that two main groups of pharmacists operated in the city from 1522 to 1602: pharmacists who were Vilnius residents and the pharmacists of the king and magnates who moved to the city. In all, no less than 31 pharmacists offered their services to 16th century city residents. At one time city residents could expect the services of from 2 (at the beginning of the century) to 4 -5 (in the second half of the 16th century) pharmacists who were Vilnius residents. It presents thumbnail biographies of representatives of this profession. These biographies describe both groups of pharmacists working in the city through the social aspect. According to their social origin almost all the pharmacists who were Vilnius city residents were urbanites. Foreigners, i.e. Poles and Germans, occupied dominant positions among them. According to the amassed wealth, 16th century Vilnius pharmacists were among the city's richer residents. Knowledge of professional pharmacist activities is fairly poor. It is known that they prepared medicines in accordance with doctors' prescriptions and that they were assisted in this work by apprentices - journeyman pharmacists. This makes their activities similar to a guild organisation. Vilnius pharmacists lived and founded their pharmacies in the city's centre, mostly on Pilies - Didžioji Street. The article revises statements about the oldest pharmacy in Vilnius. Statements established in historiography about the royal pharmacy that relocated from Poland to Vilnius in 1506 are not reliable.But between 1506-1509 Sigismund the Old did actually buy a lot in order to erect a pharmacy in Vilnius. This is the first definite fact connected with the oldest pharmacy. In addition, between 1510 and 1521 another pharmacy founded by Vilnius Palatine Mikalojus Radvila operated in the city. [From the publication]