Darbo užmokesčio diferencijacija : veiksniai ir tendencijos

LTAnalizuojant teritorinį šalies administracinių vienetų susiskirstymą pastebima darbuotuoju darbo užmokesčio diferencijacija. Jos dydį lemia susiformavę ekonominiai, socialiniai ir demografiniai skirtumai tarp pačių apskričių. Straipsnyje analizuojami reikšmingiausi veiksniai, lemiantys skirtingas pajamas panašios kvalifikacijos ir darbinės patirties specialistams. Siekiant sumažinti darbo užmokesčio pajamų skirtumus tarp apskričių, rekomenduojama labiau diversifikuoti tiesiogines užsienio investicijas bei valstybės išlaidas vienam apskrities gyventojui. [Iš leidinio]

ENAnalyzing the division of the territory administration units of the country, the salary differentiation is very visible. Its size is determined by economical, social and demographical differences between the regions of Lithuania. Unequal direct investments, government expenditure for one person in the regions determine different unemployment and occupation rates. Other factors that influence the salary levels are significant as well. In the economic literature, factors that influence salaries are qualified differently. We could briefly divide them into subjective and objective factors. To subjective factors, we could assign quality of the job and education and qualification, experience and job description, initiative. Subjective factors let us measure the value of the labour; it determines the level of payment as well. The role of the subjective factors increased using the technical revolution conditions when it is very important to use the initiative of the employee and his creative thinking. Objective salary payment factors do not depend on the individual's wishes or thinking. Such factors could be the salary payment level in the country, the demand and supply in the market, collective agreement, environment. Objective factors established during a longer period of time and it influences the salary payment level in the country. In the article, significant factors that determine different income of the same qualification or experience specialist are analyzed. During four years in the different regions of Lithuania, average monthly gross salary was increasing, but not at the same speed. In Utena region, it was increasing slower comparing with other regions, in Šiauliai ir Marijampolė - more rapidly.Mainly for this reason, the situation in the regions has changed. The changes are determined by the government regional politics, macroeconomical situation, urbanization processes etc. Analysis showed that salary differences in Lithuania regions are highlighted by economical, social and demographical lines between the regions. The differences are even more emphasized by such factors as GDP in each region, number of enterprises, unemployment rate, spread of direct foreign investments, and level of education. A l l mentioned factors have an impact on the salary in each region. Even though all factors influence the income, one of the most significant factors is the direct foreign investments and the part of GDP to one inhabitant of the particular region. Trying to decrease the salary differentiation, it is recommended to pay attention to the promotion of the direct foreign investment in those regions, especially where investment rate is not high. Promotion tools should be added to the government economical politics emphasizing the priority regions. Promotion means should be exemptions for the new companies, more possibilities to get support from the European Union. The decrease of the salary- differences could be an increase of GDP. This could be achieved by increasing the government expenses to the particular regions: infrastructure development or investments un the public services (education, security, health service). [From the publication]