Daržovių augintojų kaimai Nemuno deltoje : tradicinės gyvensenos bruožai ir Pakalnės kaimo raida

LTStraipsnio objektas - daržovių augintojai Nemuno deltoje, jų tradicinė gyvensena bei gyvenvietės. Tai nagrinėjama remiantis daugiamečių lauko tyrimų metu autoriaus surinkta medžiaga, Lietuvos ir Vokietijos archyvuose aptiktais dokumentais, iki šiol lietuviškoje spaudoje neaptartomis vokiškomis publikacijomis. Tikslas - atskleisti savitos daržovių augintojų gyvensenos bei jos istorinės raidos ypatybes (apsiribojant Nemuno deltos šiaurine puse). Istorinis lyginamasis metodas. Pagrindinė išvada (kitos - straipsnio gale) - Nemuno deltos daržovių augintojai suvoktini kaip savita agrarinės kultūros grupė, dėl specifinių gamtos sąlygų bei veiklos tradicijų neturėjusi analogų Didžiojoje Lietuvoje; Pakalnės kaimo istorinė raida nuosekliai apibūdinama pirmą kartą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Daržovių augintojai; Nemuno delta; Tradicinė gyvensena; Vegetable growers; The territory of Nemunas Delta; Traditional mode of life.

ENDue to natural conditions prevailing in the territory of the Nemunas Delta vegetable growers in Lithuania Minor, the northern part of East Prussia, formed a separate group of agrarian culture. Its centre was the Pakalnė Village situated on both banks of the river. Local inhabitants were involved in different business activities: the men's occupation was fishing, and women grew vegetables in the fertile areas where the harvests were rich. The specific market-garden system was formed in the 18th-19th centuries. Vegetables were brought to the town markets by sail boats. Regular steam-boat voyages started at the beginning of the 20th century. Female vegetable growers used to visit the town market 1-2 times during each season. They sold the harvest goods and bought necessary things for their families. During longer trips they were assisted by other family members. Women had their personal clients, as the vegetables from the Pakalnė Village were especially valued (most of all, onions). It should be pointed out that an original vegetable growing system was worked out there. Broad beds of 0.7 m height were formed to grow vegetables of several sorts. The vegetables were adequately prepared for selling, i.e. packed in the reed that grew by the riverside of the Nemunas. Long voyages during which the people lived in their wooden sail boats and used them as a place to stay when reaching the town were a common experience. Vegetable growers visited the towns more frequently than other farmers.Their farm steads were located by the riverside and hence were made suitable for dwelling during regular floods. Vegetable growing was a profitable business that allowed to preserve stability in the village. Up to World War II an effective market-garden system operated in the territory that was later destroyed by the Soviet occupation. Local inhabitants were dislodged by the Soviet system that forbade any profitable private activity. Therefore, the traditional market-garden activity was cut off. Its former existence has been recorded in historical sources and written reminiscences. [From the publication]

• Etnologija / Ethnology
• Istorija / History