Tarmiškai kalbančio žmogaus stereotipai : apriorinės eilinių kalbos bendruomenės narių nuostatos

• Stereotypes of a dialect user: the a priori attitudes of the ordinary members of language community
• Stereotypy człowieka mówiącego gwarą: założenia aprioryczne szeregowych członków wspólnoty językowej

LTStraipsnyje, remiantis perceptyvinės dialektologijos teorinėmis įžvalgomis bei „Tarminio kalbėjimo suvokimo ir vertinimo“ tyrimo, atlikto keliuose punktuose Rytų Aukštaitijoje, Vakarų Aukštaitijoje, Dzūkijoje ir Žemaitijoje, duomenimis, analizuojamos paprastų kalbos vertintojų kalbinės nuostatos dėl tarminio kalbėjimo. Sukaupta empirinio tyrimo medžiaga labai įvairi, leidžianti apibendrinti įvairias tarminio kalbėjimo vertes. Šiame straipsnyje dėmesys skiriamas tarminio diskurso kūrėjų kvalifikacijoms apibendrinti, taigi konceptualizuojamas tarmiškai kalbančio žmogaus vaizdinys. Straipsnyje, remiantis atlikto tyrimo duomenimis, apibendrinama, kad tarmiškai kalbantis žmogus yra iš dalies jau išvietintas, bet dar vis kitoks, kitokios kultūros, socialinės padėties ir net elgsenos žmogus. Sutapimo tarp skirtingo regiono, net skirtingų to paties regiono grupių respondentų atsakymų stoka leidžia teigti, kad atskirų regionų respondentai šiek kiek skirtingai konceptualizuoja tarmiškai kalbantį žmogų dėl kelių veiksnių: 1) realaus kodo vartojo veiksnio, 2) gautų (turimų) žinių veiksnio, 3) kalbinio identiteto veiksnio. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Stereotipas; Vaizdinys; Perceptyvinė dialektologija; Eilinis kalbos bendruomenės narys; Kalbinės nuostatos; Dialect user; Stereotype; Image; Perceptual dialectology; Ordinary member of language community; Language attitude.

ENThe paper aims at the analysis of the language attitudes of the ordinary language estimators with re-spect to the dialectal discourse on the basis of the theoretical insights developed by perceptual dialectology and the data of the experiment 'On Perception and Estimation of the Dialectal Discourse' carried out in several areas of East Highlands, West Highlands, South Lithuania and Lowlands. The gathered material of the empirical research is rich in its variety thus allowing for the discussion of various values of the dialectal discourse. The paper focuses on the description of the qualification of the dialectal discourse composers - in other words, an attempt has been made to conceptualize the image of a dialect user. Relying on the data of the mentioned experiment, the author arrives at the conclusion that a dialect user is partially dislocated, yet still remains the other, i.e. the person representing a different culture, different social status or even extending a different mode of behaviour. Due to the lack of conformity between the answers of the respondents representing different regions or even different groups of the same region, it is possible to claim that the respondents from different regions introduce different conceptualizations of a dialect user which is determined by the following factors.1. The real code-user factor: in their everyday environment, the respondents hear (or do not hear) the dialectal code from certain persons. Compare: the respondent hears (or thinks/is sure that he/she does) the dialectal expression from the representatives of the older generation. It means that he/she associates the dialectal speech with the older generation. Or, the respondent hears (or thinks/is sure that he/she does) the dialectal speech from the persons of lower education. Hence, for him/her, the main condition for the usage of the dialectal code is the lack of proper education, etc. 2. The obtained knowledge factor: the respondents obtained knowledge about the dialectal differentiation in Lithuania at school, or possess (do not possess) their general knowledge about the Lithuanian dialects. Compare: the respondent has learned that dialects are generally recorded in villages; therefore he/she associates the dialectal expression with the representatives of the country rather than of the city, etc. 3. The dialect identity factor: the respondents consciously consider themselves to be the users of a certain language code and identify themselves as members of a certain language community which determines either positive or negative estimation of the dialectal discourse composers. Compare: the respondent identifies him/herself with one or another Lithuanian dialect; hence, it is probable that such a respondent possesses the general positive image of a dialect user. On the other hand, the identification of an ordinary estimator with the representatives of another linguistic expression may determine the general negative image of the user of the dialectal discourse. [From the publication]