Nacionalinės žmogaus teisių institucijos perspektyvos Lietuvoje

LTLR Konstitucijos 73 straipsnyje reglamentuojamas Seimo kontrolierių institucijos įsteigimas, tuo pačiu įstatymų leidėjas įpareigojamas nustatyti kontrolės institucijų sistemą. Nors visos žmogaus teisės yra ginamos teisme, tačiau šiuo metu yra aktualūs ne tik pažeistųjų teisių gynimo būdai ir institucijos, bet taip pat labai svarbu užtikrinti žmogaus teisių apsaugą įstatymų leidyboje, įgyvendinant įstatymus bei vykdant teisingumą. Straipsnyje analizuojama, kokia institucija galėtų būti naudinga Lietuvoje ir kaip ji galėtų padėti gerinti žmogaus teisių apsaugą, efektyviau įgyvendinant tarptautinius standartus, taip pat ir Europos žmogaus teisių teismo sprendimus. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Nacionalinė žmogaus teisių institucija; Seimo kontrolierius; National human rights institution; Seimas ombudsmen.

ENThe Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania has stated that the Constitution obligates the state to respect human rights and freedoms and to guarantee their protection from any unlawful attempt or restriction by legal, financial or organizational means32. Thus protection of human rights is reflected in the existing system by the guarantees provided by the state. Article 73 of the Constitution provides that the Parliament has a right to establish the institutions of ombudsmen: "the system and powers shall be established by law." Until now the parliament has not established the system of the ombudsmen institutions (parliamentary and specialised). The constitutional right of appeal to court if an individual's rights and freedoms have been violated is one of the most important means in protecting human rights. According to the Constitutional Court, the guarantee to protect persons' rights and freedoms is an essential element of the constitutional institute of persons' rights and freedoms.33 On the other hand today is not enough to care only about human rights protection. The author analyses the needs for establishing a national human rights institution according to the UN Paris Principles. The implementation of human rights monitoring and data collecting could be very helpful to both legislative and executive institutions because it could provide grounds for setting priorities in human rights policy, eliminating gaps in legal regulation, etc. The role of the national human rights institution is important not only nationally, but also internationally, thus the possibility of direct cooperation between national institutions and international organizations is included in the Paris Principles. The author examines the requirements for the composition of the institution, appointment, mandate, independence and shows practice of other countries. [From the publication]