LT1944 m. Rytų Lietuva tapo lenkų partizanų (Armijos krajovos) ir sovietinio ginkluoto pogrindžio Lietuvoje (sovietinių, arba raudonųjų partizanų) telkimosi ir veiklos arena. Iki šiol nepriklausomos Lietuvos visuomenėje (ir istoriografijoje) į vokiečių okupacijos 1944 m. įvykius, konfliktines situacijas šiame Lietuvos regione buvo žvelgiama daugiausia per lietuvių ir lenkų priešiškų santykių, čia veikusių lenkų Armijos krajovos antilietuviškos veiklos prizmę. Tarsi šešėlyje pamiršta liko sovietinio ginkluoto pogrindžio dalyvių, sovietinių partizanų agresyvi, provokavusi nacių represijas veikla ir, svarbiausia, jų pačių įvykdytos žiaurios, nusikalstamos baudžiamosios akcijos, vykdytos prieš Pietryčių Lietuvos kaimų savisaugą, šių kaimų puolimai ir deginimai, civilių žmonių - vyrų, moterų, vaikų, "kaltų" ir "nekaltų" gyventojų žudynės, jų terorizavimas. Išskirtine, pačia žiauriausia sovietinių partizanų baudžiamąja akcija galima laikyti Kaniūkų kaimo (Eišiškių aps., Jašiūnų vis.) 1944 m. sausio 29 d. užpuolimą: šio kaimo sudeginimą, itin žiaurias jo gyventojų žudynes (nužudyti 35 žmonės), apie 10—15 sunkiai sužalota. Archyvinių šaltinių apie įvykius Kaniūkuose (kaip ir kitus nuo sovietinių partizanų apsiginklavusius Pietryčių Lietuvos kaimus) nėra daug, jie neinformatyvūs, fragmentiški, tendencingi. Ginkluotos savisaugos Kaniūkuose susikūrimą galima vertinti kaip įrodymą, nors ir netiesioginį, kad šis kaimas bent vokiečių okupacijos metais buvo lietuviškas, jį sovietiniai partizanai užpuolė ir su juo susidorojo kaip su lietuvišku kaimu.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Antrasis pasaulinis karas, 1939-1945 (World War II); Kaniūkai; Sovietiniai partizanai; Nacių okupacija; Armija krajowa; WWII; Kaniūkai; Koniuchy; Soviet partisans; Nazi occupation; Armia Krajowa.
ENOn 29 January 1944 Soviet (Red) partisans carried out a punitive action against Kaniūkai village in Southeast Lithuania (Eišiškės County, Jašiūnai District.). The punitive action at Kaniūkai was carried out by a 120-150 member combined unit created from partisans from the Kaunas and Vilnius Jevvish ghettos ('Mirtis okupantams' ('Death to the Occupiers'), 'Mirtis fašizmui' ('Death to Fascism'), etc), the Margiris unit, and the Red Army General Staff group. The article investigates the reasons and motives for the village's atrocious summary punishment and presents data about some of the people who carried out the execution, its course, and the consequences. The village's summary punishment was caused by the creation of an armed self-defence unit in Kaniūkai in the autumn of 1943, its resistance to Soviet partisans, and the active participation of the village's self-defence unit in anti-partisan actions together with Lithuanian police and units of the 253rd self-defence battalion stationed in Southeast Lithuania. On 13 October 1943 members of the Kaniūkai self-defence unit attacked Soviet partisans near the village and seized plundered property from them. The massacre in Kaniūkai was also caused by the generally unsuccessful attempts by Soviet partisans to stop the spread of the armed self-defence units as a mass phenomenon as well as their activities in Southeast Lithuania and to stop the painful human losses the partisans were suffering.It is possible to directly connect the events in Kaniūkai with their failure on Christmas Eve, 24 December 1943, in attacking members of the village self-defence units of Derionys and Babrauninkai villages (Trakai County, Onuškės and Aukštadvaris Districts), during which no less than 4 partisans died and significantly more Soviet partisans were wounded. The article also discusses the question of the possible participation of local Polish inhabitants in the massacre at Kaniūkai. The village, which was attacked by Soviet partisans on 29 January 1944, was almost completely burned down with 36 (of 42) residential homes together with their outbuildings being burned down, 35 people being killed including 13 women and 11 children (aged 1.5-16 years), and about 10-15 people being wounded. The village self-defence unit was not disarmed but withdrew from the village and continued fighting with the Soviet partisans. The attack on and burning down of Kaniūkai village and the especially cruel massacre of its people distinguishes it from all the other punitive actions carried out by Soviet partisans against village self-defence units in Southeast Lithuania. This was the biggest crime against civilians committed by Soviet partisans in Lithuania during the years of the German occupation. Together with this article are published yet unpublished documents about the Kaniūkai attack, which have been corrected and supplemented by a list of the village inhabitants who were murdered. [From the publication]