Bausmės individualizavimo teisinės problemos : baudžiamojo įstatymo normų ir jų taikymo teismų praktikoje sisteminė analizė

LTDarbą sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, literatūros bei teisės aktų šaltiniai ir tyrimo medžiagos priedai. Pirmajame skyriuje aptariama bausmės individualizavimo problemos esmė, lyginama, kaip sprendžiama ši problema Lietuvoje ir užsienio valstybėse. Antrasis skyrius skirtas teismų praktikos individualizuojant bausmes analizei. Jame pateikti statistiniai rodikliai apie Lietuvos teismų paskirtas bausmes 2004-2005 m. ir analizuojami vykdant šį tyrimą atliktos teisėjų anketinės apklausos apie BK nustatytų sankcijų atitikimą nusikalstamų veikų pavojingumui ir bausmių individualizavimo poreikiams rezultatai. Šiame darbo skyriuje atlikta baudžiamojo kodekso ir specialiosios dalies normų analizė bausmių individualizavimo požiūriu, įskaitant sankcijų rezervus, ir išryškintos svarbiausios kliūtys, trukdančios teismams individualizuoti bausmes. Trečiajame darbo skyriuje aptariami su bausmių individualizavimu susiję bausmių skyrimo praktikos formavimo, teismų darbo organizavimo ir teisėjų kvalifikacijos kėlimo klausimai. Ketvirtajame skyriuje apibendrinti atlikto darbo rezultatai, pateiktos išvados ir pasiūlymai dėl baudžiamojo kodekso sankcijų tobulinimo ir kitų su bausmių individualizavimu susijusių problemų sprendimo. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Baudžiamasis kodeksas; Bausmė; Teismas; Criminal Code; Punishment; Court of law; Bausmės skyrimas; Bausmės individualizavimas; Sentencing; Individualisation of punishment.

ENThe measures of criminal responsibility play important role in any crime control and prevention system. The main purpose of imposing criminal penalties is to prevent criminal acts and retaliate against the offender. The efficiency of criminal penalties inflicted depends on many legal, organisational, social and other factors. One of the most significant factors is the justice of penalty. The penalty under law must be adequate to the degree of danger posed by a criminal act and shall be appropriately individualised taking into account all the circumstances of a particular act committed. Criminological research persuasively demonstrated that inadequate punishment often leads to opposite consequences than the ones intended, including crime recidivism and law devaluation. Since the enforcement of the new Lithuanian Criminal Code (1st May of 2003) certain jurisprudence of courts has been already formed in the course of the period of four years. It is sufficient to discuss and evaluate, at least partly, the sanction system established under this Code. This research aims mainly at the analysis of the norms of the Lithuanian Criminal Code that complicates proper individualisation of penalties. The main focus in this paper is directed towards the following three issues: 1) problems encountered by judges in applying norms of the Criminal Code associated with individualization of penalties; 2) the evaluation of the problems that are caused by the limitations of norms including inappropriate sanctions and the ones that are determined by the mistakes applying case-law or other factors; 3) determination of the norms of the general or special part of the Criminal Code that should be improved in order to facilitate individualisation of penalties.This paper is based on the answers given to the questions about individualisation problems according to the questionnaire provided for judges. In answering the questionnaire judges described many actual problems related to individualisation of penalties and the ones caused by the currently valid norms of the Criminal Code. They also put forward their suggestions how some norms may be improved. In addition, the research was based on statistical data on sentences imposed by the Lithuanian courts, on the decisions taken by the Supreme Court of Lithuania on cassation rulings that replaced sentences inflicted by lower courts because these courts applied the norms of the Criminal Code in inappropriate way, moreover, from the individualisation perspective of penalties, on the evaluation of judgements and decisions taken by the Regional Courts of Lithuania, as well as other statistical material in terms of the Lithuanian case-law. The concluding part of the paper summarises results of this research and proposes which norms of the Criminal Code should be improved to facilitate proper individualisation of penalties. [From the publication]