XV-XVI amžiaus humanistinio kursyvo terminijos problemos

LTPaleografmėje istoriografijoje humanistiniam raštui skirta nemažai dėmesio, o pastaruoju metu itin plėtojami humanistinio kursyvo tyrimai. Tyrėjai apibrėžia šio kursyvo atsiradimo laiką, židinius, priežastis, grafines ištakas; nagrinėja jo raidos bei plėtros pobūdį Italijoje ir už jos ribų (kokiu tempu, kokiais keliais jis plito, kokia buvo jo grafika); aiškinasi amžininkų požiūrį į jį ir kas buvo jo skleidėjai įvairiose valstybėse, regionuose, aplinkose. Straipsnyje siekiama aptarti priežastis, kodėl iki šiol nėra sukurtos vieningos XV-XVI amžiaus vartoto humanistinio kursyvo terminijos, pateikti dažniausiai vartojamus terminus bei jų interpretacijas paleografinėje literatūroje.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos istorija (XV-XVI a.); Humanistinis kursyvas; Raštinė; Kanceliarija; Paleografija; Paleografinė istoriografija; History of Lithuania (15th-16th century); Humanistic cursive; Office; Chancery; Paleography; Paleographic historiography.

ENThe article discusses problems in the terminology for the humanistic cursive used in fifteenth-sixteenth century offices and supplies the most frequently used terms together with their interpretation in palaeographic literature. Palaeographic historiography has so far had no unified terminology naming the humanistic cursive of the fifteenth-sixteenth centuries. The abundance of terms that have been used has been caused by the graphic diversity of the humanistic cursive of that time, the names of the humanistic clerical writing used by contemporaries and calligraphers, and the fact that no unified criteria for naming humanistic cursive has existed. A graphic or graphic - chronological criterion has been used in palaeography to name the humanistic writing used in fifteenth-sixteenth century offices. The writing is named according to its place of origin (Italy) and purpose (used in offices for various texts of a temporary or personal nature). The terms employed by contemporaries are used, all the aforementioned criteria are frequently applied, and several terms are used synonymously. Many names used by researchers for humanistic cursive have several meanings. Due to this, the same term is frequently applied to writing with a different chronology and graphics. The meaning a term had for contemporaries is not always taken into consideration when applying the terms used by calligraphers and contemporaries. [From the publication]