LTRūpinantis žmogaus teisėmis ir interesais, atsižvelgiant į nacionalinių ir tarptautinių vaiko teisių apsaugos srities teisės aktų nuostatas, ypatingas dėmesys turėtų būti skirtas vienai labiausiai pažeidžiamų socialinių grupių - vaikų - teisių ir teisėtų interesų apsaugai. Teisė žinoti, kas yra jo tėvai, viena iš vaiko teisių. Teismai kaip teisingumo vykdytojai padeda apginti vaiko teisę žinoti, kas jo tėvai. Bylų dėl tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo aktualumą patvirtina ir didelis šių bylų skaičius Lietuvos Respublikos teismuose. Vaiko kilmės nustatymas - tai vaiko gimimo iš konkrečių tėvų nustatymas. Šiandieninė tėvystės transformacija kultūrai ir teisei suteikia naują formą, didindama tėvystės ir motinystės sąvokų neapibrėžtumą. Tėvystės modelis keičiasi, todėl vis dažniau pažeidžiama vaiko teisė žinoti, kas jo abu tėvai. Straipsnyje analizuojamos civilinės bylos dėl tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo iškėlimo sąlygos. Nagrinėjama teismų praktika aiškinant tokio pobūdžio civilinės bylos iškėlimą ir pasirengimą ją nagrinėti. Straipsnyje pateikiama Lietuvos Aukščiausiojo Teismo nutarčių civilinės bylos dėl tėvystės (motinystės) nustatymo iškėlimo ir pasirengimo bylą nagrinėti teisme analizė, pabrėžiama šių civilinės bylos stadijų svarba. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Teisė žinoti; Kas tėvai; Ieškinys dėl tėvystės nustatymo; Ieškinio priėmimas; Civilinės bylos iškėlimas; Pasirengimas teisminiam nagrinėjimui; Ekspertizė; Right to know one's parents; The action on the; Paternity determination; The acceptance of the action; The initiation of a civil case; Preparation for a judicial hearing; Parentage; Test.
ENBy looking after the human rights and interests, by taking into account the provisions of national and international law in the field of protection of child's rights, particular regard should be paid to the protection of rights and legitimate interests of- children which constitute one of the most vulnerable social groups. Such exclusivity is determined by the peculiarities of child's age, inability to defend himself / herself, to exercise his/her rights and interests protected by the law. The right to know his parents is one of the child's rights. It is regulated by United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child that the child shall be registered immediately after birth and shall have the right from birth to a name, the right to acquire a nationality and, as far as possible, the right to know and be cared for by his or her parents. States Parties shall ensure the implementation of these rights in accordance with their national law and their obligations under the relevant international instruments in this field. The courts as the administrators of justice provide assistance in defending the right of a child to know his parents. The relevance of the cases on paternity (maternity) determination is evidenced by the great number of cases in the courts of the Republic of Lithuania. The determination of a child's origin - the determination of the child's birth from the particular parents. The contemporary paternity transformation provides for the new form for the culture and law, by increasing the indefinite nature of the concepts of paternity and maternity. The models of family transformation materially impacts on the right of the child to know and have a father and a mother.This article only addresses the biological paternity determination and the essential aspects for such affiliation, the initiation of the civil proceedings and preparation for a judicial hearing to determine paternity (maternity). A court adjudicates a civil case on paternity (maternity) determination only upon the dispute between the parties. The defense of a child's rights and legitimate interests is the defense of the public order. The right to file an action for paternity (maternity) determination lies with the prosecutor, the state institution for the protection of the rights of a child, the child's guardian or curator. The law provides for an active role of the court: it enables the court to act on its own initiative, collect the evidence that are not invoked by the parties. It is expedient to prepare for judicial hearing by means of a preparatory hearing. The basis for the paternity affiliation is scientific evidence. Disregarding the objection by the parties to carry out the tests, the court should commission it and, only upon rejection by the parties, should adjudicate the dispute in accordance with the other means of evidence allowed by the Code of Civil Procedure. The list of evidentiary facts provided in the law that may be the basis to determine paternity is not exhaustive. The court may collect on its own initiative and hear various evidence confirming or denying the circumstances significant for the case. It is necessary that during the hearing of a case on the determination of paternity (maternity) state institution for the protection of the rights of a child participated.Preparing for the hearing of the case, the judge must on his own initiative include the state institution for the protection of the rights of a child as the third person without independent claims, or co-claimant for the participation in the proceedings. Having attained the age of fourteen the child participates in the hearing of the case and has to present his opinion concerning paternity. The court includes the child of such age as the third person without independent claims for participation in the proceedings. The article examines the case law, explaining the initiation of the civil proceedings and preparation for civil cases of such nature. The article analyses the case law of the Supreme Court of Lithuania concerning the initiation of the proceedings and preparation for judicial hearing of the civil cases concerning the determination of paternity (maternity). [From the publication]