Pacta de quota litis, kaip alternatyva valstybės garantuojamai teisinei pagalbai užtikrinti civilinėse bylose

LTPacta de quota litis - viena iš susitarimų dėl teisinės pagalbos teikimo rūšių, kuria remiantis teikėjo užmokestis priklauso nuo bylos baigties. Sąlyga, kad asmuo, siekiantis pasinaudoti teisine pagalba, teisinės pagalbos teikėjui sumoka tik tuo atveju, jeigu byla yra laimėta, sudaro galimybes šia pagalba pasinaudoti nepasiturintiems, neišgalintiems sumokėti advokatui už paslaugas, asmenims. Todėl tokie susitarimai galėtų tapti puikia alternatyva valstybės garantuojamai teisinei pagalbai, deja, tiek Lietuvoje, tiek kitose valstybėse jie vertinami labai kontraversiškai, o dažnai visiškai draudžiami. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami pacta de quota litis reglamentavimo ypatumai skirtingose valstybėse bei jo specifika Lietuvoje, atskleidžiami teigiami ir neigiami šių susitarimų aspektai, jų suderinamumas su sutartims keliamais reikalavimais, advokatų profesinės etikos principais, nagrinėjamos praktinio pritaikomumo problemos. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Pacta de quota litis; Contingent fee; Sąlyginis atlyginimas; Teisė į teisminę gynybą; Teisminės gynybos; Prieinamumas.; Pacta de quota litis; Contingent fee; Conditional; Payment; The right to legal defense; Access to justice.

ENPacta de quota litis is one of the agreements allowing to render legal aid on which the remuneration for legal services depends on the settlement of the case. The condition that the provider of legal aid is only paid if the case is won, makes litigation available to the needy and the poor who otherwise could not afford a lawyer. Therefore, such agreements could become a great alternative to legal aid. However, in Lithuania, as well as in other countries, such agreements are viewed as very controversial and are often forbidden. Most European countries forbid such form of payment for the help of a lawyer not because such agreements do not fit into the framework of civil law science, but because its inadequacy to public order. This article analyses the peculiarities of the application of pacta de quota litis in different countries. Its specificity in Lithuania, the positive and negative aspects of this agreement are revealed. Their compatibility with meeting the requirements, the principles of the professional ethics of a lawyer, and the practical adaptability problems are also analyzed. In this article, the results of the analyses show that legal provisions regulating the specifications of pacta de quota litis, as well as the lack of restraints of such agreements, aggravate the practical application of such agreements, allow the abuse of providers of aid, the insecurity of the legitimacy and the congruence to the public order and good morals. It also raises uncertainty about its acknowledgment as an effective alternative to legal aid.This article also reveals the problem of court expenses in case of pacta de quota litis agreements. Arguments are presented that such an agreement cannot be the basis to award the expenses of a lawyer by a court from the losing party. It is not possible to claim for a compensation for the legal costs under agreements to remunerate the lawyer according to the sale price of the property after a judgment of the court, also when representation in court is a way of legal aid, remuneration for which depends on a positive result for the client. Therefore the proposals are made to include special provisions in the law of civil procedure, which would provide for the possibility to adjudge the costs of the legal aid in the case of pacta de quota litis. Such proposals would allow not only a remuneration to the lawyer who provided the legal aid, but would somewhat compensate the costs of legal aid of the winning party, and would motivate the formation of such agreements for the needy. [From the publication]