Kultūriniai Šv. Brunono misijos aspektai

LTPirmasis Lietuvos vardo paminėjimas 1009 m. Kvedlinburgo analuose, sietinas su Brunono Kverfurtiečio žūtimi, - neabejotinai labai reikšmingas Lietuvos istorijos faktas. Autoriai, nagrinėję paskutinės ir prieš tai buvusių misijų aspektus, savaip interpretuodami bei aiškindami senuosius šaltinius, ieškojo naujos medžiagos, naujų duomenų, pateikė naujas, originalias įžvalgas ir padarė savas išvadas. Skirtingai vertindami istorinių šaltinių medžiagą bei įvairiai interpretuodami diskutuotinus, aptakius, nekonkrečius istoriografijoje esančius duomenis, istorikai pateikė ir įvairius požiūrius į kai kuriuos Brunono biografijos faktus. Nėra vieningos mokslininkų nuomonės lokalizuojant šv. Brunono kankinystę bei žūtį. Atskirų šalių istorikai, vertindami negausiuose archyviniuose šaltiniuose pateiktus faktus, dažnai sureikšmina XI a. pradžios savo kraštų istoriją bei skirtingai nurodo galimą šv. Brunono kankinystės ir žūties vietą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: 11 amžius; šv. Brunonas; Misijos; Grigališkasis choralas; Lietuvių liaudies giesmė; 11th c.; St. Bruno; Missions; Gregorian chant; Lithuanian song.

ENAs the 1000th anniversary of the mentioning of Lithuania nears, the interest of society and scientists for this special event has grown. More and more discussions are taking place as regards the state's ancient history and the first mention of the country on the political map of Old Europe. In researching particular aspects of cultural and spiritual life of the period, the inquisitive focus of scientists is directed at the Baltic tribes, their customs and traditions, belief system, language, material and spiritual culture, which take up a wide geographic area. Researchers have shown interest in aspects of St. Bruno von Qeurfurt's mission, because this missionary is linked with the first mention of the name Lithuania in written records in 1009 in the Quedlinburg Annals. The relevance of St. Bruno's mission in the context of Lithuania's cultural history extends beyond the borders of more problematic topics. One of those is the cultural meaning of St. Bruno's mission, looking at it through the musical prism of liturgy. As a result this mission should be evaluated not only as a geographic and geopolitical problem in Lithuanian history, but also a geocultural one. In Lithuanian historiography, cultural and confessional/artistic aspects of the mission, linked to the dispersion of Christian art, have not been examined. In this article, discussion will focus on when and in what forms the signs of Christian art could have reached Lithuania, looking at the activities of the first missions as a phenomenon of a spiritual and cultural life. The limited amount of written records and historiographical materiał doesn't allow one to illuminate more comprehensively the whole of St. Bruno's religious practices and artistic expression.However in the overall context of historiography and the sources available, rather clear aspects of Bruno's biography are revealed, which allows for the explanation and evaluation of certain aspects of church art, which marked his life and work. The article is supported by facts known in historiography about St. Bruno, discussing how much his work is linked with the education and readiness for missionary work by this high-level priest. Attention will be focused towards the ceremonial liturgy traditions, an inseparable part of which was Gregorian chanting, sung day in and day out, during the long pravels through the pagan lands. A conclusion is made, that the songs' musical form had a strong emotional effect for both the missionaries and for the pagans that heard these songs. The first written record of a Lithuanian folk song (1634) is also provided, because its melody reflects the choral influence in Lithuanian folk music. [From the publication]