Kūrybos laisvės diskursai vėlyvojo sovietmečio ir pirmųjų nepriklausomybės metų Lietuvos dailės gyvenime

LTRemiantis kultūros ir meno veikėjų viešais pasisakymais straipsnyje analizuojamos retorinės kūrybos laisvės diskursų funkcijos vėlyvojo sovietmečio ir pirmųjų nepriklausomybės metų Lietuvos meniniame gyvenime. Aptariama, kaip netapačios politinės santvarkos siūlė menininkams skirtingas socialines laikysenos ir pasisakymų apie kūrybos laisvę galimybes. Aiškėja, jog universalūs menininkų laisvės idealai ilgainiui taip pat atskleidė skirtingus pragmatiškus siekius, nevienodas viltis. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kūrybos laisvė; Meno sociologija; Menas ir politika; Meo laukas; Heteronominis ir autonominis veiksniai; Meno laukas; Heteroniminiai ir autonominiai veksniai; Meno institucijos; Meno (ne)moralumas; Kultūrinis liberalizmas; Meninė opozicija.

ENWith reference to public debate among the art community, this article deals with rhetorical functions of the discourses on creative freedom in Lithuanian art in the late soviet period and the first years of independence. With a concern for the development of a framework for analogous researches in the future, the article focuses on the issues and reflections of art broadly conceived. The discourses of creative freedom in the public field are discussed on the basis of the concept of field (champ) introduced by Pierre Bourdieu. It is pointed out that autonomy, which is necessary for the inner dynamics of the culture field, was evident in the soviet period, and in the post-soviet period as well. Still, due to different political regimes, artists had different possibilities to manifest their social behaviour and expression of opinions. It is concluded that during the period of national revival in Lithuania the artists' fight against the totalitarian regime was rather abstract, while their relationship to the political field after the regaining of independence was expressed as a reaction to newly adopted laws and practices. The paradoxes of the first years of independence, sudden and unexpected social changes enabled artists to reconsider their relation to the state. In the process of change of the system in the post-soviet period, freedom became more than just a paradigmatic concept expressing the objectives of intelligentsia and various social and political groups; the majority of artists soon faced the "cost” of material freedom when living in an independent society. [From the publication]