Dekomodifikacijos reikšmė socialinėje apsaugoje

LTEfektyvi socialinę riziką patyrusių asmenų apsauga yra vienas svarbiausių socia- linės apsaugos ir visos socialinės sistemos uždavinių. „Socialinės rinkos ekonomikos" paradigma pasižymi didesniu socialumo laipsniu negu „laisvosios rinkos ekonomika" su savo ryškiu individualizmu. Straipsnio tikslas - parodyti deko- modifikacijos reiškinio svarbą socialinėje apsaugoje ir pateikti empiriškai apskaičiuotus dekomodifikacijos laipsnio rodiklius Vakarų šalyse ir Lietuvoje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Rinkos ekonomika; Socialinė apsauga; Dekomodifikacija; Social economy; Market economy; Social security; Decommodification.

ENTwo key models of socio-economic and political develop­ment can be identified in Western theory and practice: one focussed on the development of "market economy" and the other - on "social market economy". These two systems have a number of basic structures in common, mainly economic ones based on the private ownership right and free movement of capital. However, there are many differences as well, first of all in the area of social rights.As a matter of fact, the issue of social citizenship does not exist in the libertarian "free market economy". On the contrary, the theory and practice of the "social market economy" assigns a much more important role to social security. The principle of sociality and not of individualism is central to the "social market economy". The principle of sociality is impossible without compulsory state social security. State social security covers both non-insured against risks and individuals incapable of taking care of their own future. Compulsory social insurance is one of the most frequent examples of manifestation of the principle of sociality. Universal social benefits are an unrivalled example of safeguarding social rights of citizens. A high decommodification index forms a basis for universality. Commodification (or decommodification) may be viewed from different aspects — philosophical, economic or politological, however, in any case, decommodification in social policy means liberation of the individual from market dependence. The level of decommodification in social security may be examined on the basis of old-age pension, sickness and unemployment benefits. The index of decommodification in Lithuania was 22.2 in 2000, having dropped from 23.8 in 1997. This shows that the dependence of Lithuanian social security upon market has been increasing. [From the publication]