Antropologinis lietuvių kalbos tarmių substratas

LTGausios antropologinės medžiagos (6827 kaukolių) daugiamatės analizės pagrindu nagrinėjamos galimos žmonių migracijos ir lietuvių kalbos tarmių formavimasis. Svarbiausia jų – baltų genčių slinktis iš Rytų į Vakarus I tūkstantmečio viduryje. Ji galėjo turėti įtakos aukštaičių ir žemaičių tarmių išsiskyrimui. Straipsnyje aptariami ir vėlesni genetiniai ryšiai tarp tarmių ir potarmių arealų gyventojų, atspindintys tarminę lietuvių kalbos diferenciaciją. [Iš leidinio]

ENAmong the extralinguistic factors of language differentiation, there are human migrations that can be detected most precisely on the anthropological basis. The goal of the present investigation was to elucidate the possible migrations of Lithuanian populations during the 1st and 2nd millennia A. D. Metrical and discrete cranial traits were examined on 6827 skulls, multivariate analysis was performed, and the data were interpreted against the background of the Lithuanian dialect areas. In the 1st millennium, three areas of anthropological complexes were found, and the migration of people from the East toward the West was estimated (Fig. 2). Consequently, two main components of the Lithuanians, i. e. the Aukštaičiai (Upper Lithuanians) and the Žemaičiai (the Samogitians or Lower Lithuanians) emerged on the basis on a rather close but somewhat different gene pools. The Kuršiai (Couronians) and the Prūsai (Prussians) were of the same anthropological type that disgorged afterward into the gene pool of the Žemaičiai. The closeness between the people of Central Lithuanian burial ground culture (beginning of the 1st millennium) and the Žemaičiai (2nd half of the millennium) reflects the biological history of the Žemaičiai – their origin in the plain of Central Lithuania (Fig. 3).In the 2nd millennium A. D., a mosaic pattern of anthropological variety appeared (Fig. 4). It is indicative of relatively recent genetic events, including the intermingling of all tribes of the western part of the ancient Baltic homeland. Nevertheless, traces of the “genetic memory” about the formation of the Aukštaičiai and the Žemaičiai were preserved (Fig. 4). As concerns the Aukštaičiai, on the one hand, they demonstrate a phenetic integrity that reflects their genetic kinship and common origin; on the other hand, interrelations of their groups disclose the details of their genesis. For instance, the Kaunas West Aukštaičiai stand close to the South Aukštaičiai, and the Šiauliai West Aukštaičiai are akin to the East Aukštaičiai. The fact may be explained by the proximity of the mentioned pairs of dialect areas. [From the publication]

• Etnologija / Ethnology
• Archeologija / Archaeology