Tarptautinės fonetinės abėcėlės rašmenys lietuvių tarmėtyroje

• Leidėjo tinklalapis: knygos tekstas

• Bakšienė, Rima
• Čepaitienė, Agnė

LTR. Bakšienės ir A. Čepaitienės mokslo studijoje „Tarptautinės fonetinės abėcėlės rašmenys lietuvių tarmėtyroje“ pristatomos galimybės užrašyti lietuvių tarmių pavyzdžius visame pasaulyje priimtais tarptautinės fonetinės abėcėlės (TFA) rašmenimis: pristatoma lietuvių tarmių mokslinės transkripcijos istorija, apžvelgiami lietuvių tarmių garsams atrinkti TFA rašmenų rinkiniai, aptariami sudėtingesni transkripcijos atvejai, prieduose pateikiama daug TFA užrašytų pavyzdžių iš visų lietuvių patarmių. [Leidėjo anotacija]

EN[...] The multi-aspect analysis of IPA application in transcribing Lithuanian dialects confirms the possibilities of this universal alphabet to represent the sound elements of both Lithuania’s relatively homogenous traditional dialects and the new multi-layered dialectal derrivations. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. T he overview of Lithuania’s dialect transcription history shows that the principles of the so-called Copenhagen transcription developed by Gerullis in 1930 are followed in most major dialectological works published between the early 20th and early 21st centuries. However, the analysis also showed inconsistencies, particularly during the second half of the 20th century, due to the lack of types in post-war printers, variations in transcription rules and types of dialectal works being published. Although the advent of computer-aided compilations facilitated a more consistent application of the Copenhagen transcription across the dialectological publications of the early 21st century, it cannot be considered a standard benchmark system from time or content perspective. 2. T he comparative-descriptive analysis of Šaulys’ Juodžiūnų tarmė and the current IPA set proposed for Lithuanian dialects confirms the consistency, completeness and accuracy of IPA transcription in Šaulys’ publication which is the first study in Lithuanian dialectology to systemically apply the IPA for representing the sound units of the Kupiškis subdialect. Šaulys’ consistent and differential choice of transcription characters could aid the future efforts to clarify the existing IPA set proposed for Lithuanian dialects.3. The verification of how suitable the IPA system is for transcribing the sounds of Lithuanian dialects was conducted using an illustrative set of words and coherent texts collected at check points within all subdialects. This analysis shows that IPA transcription can be used effectively for representing the vocalism of both Aukštaitian and Žemaitian variants. Despite the diversity and abundance of phonemes (and their variants) in all subdialects, most of them have sufficiently accurate IPA equivalents and can be transcribed without diacritics, with only a few symbols used to indicate additional qualitative vowel features. 4. A number of challenges remain when transcribing some Aukštaitian and Žemaitian sounds with IPA. These cases will require further analysis and are all linked to strong reduction of vocalism: the reduced vowels of North Eastern Aukštaitian of Panevėžys; the short a and u, i and e amalgamated into one back or front vowel respectively in the area ofSouth Eastern Aukštaitian of Panevėžys; the reduction of non-accented and (or) circumflex diphthongs au, ai, and ei of Eastern Aukštaitian of Širvintos; and the reduction of end vowels in Northern Žemaitian subdialects. 5. The consonantism of Aukštaitian and Žemaitian variants can be represented in IPA characters most accurately and relatively easily, as the transcription of these sounds is largely the same as in Standard Lithuanian. Special characters are mostly selected to represent the more unique sounds of Aukštaitian subdialects or when transcription is particularly detailed.6. Requiring more discussion with regards to IPA transcription are the fricative consonants š, ž and their variants occurring mostly in the Eastern Aukštaitian subdialects due to palatalization/depalatalization, the impact of Slavic languages and other factors. 7. Prosodic units, particularly the dialectal features of pitch accent, are the most challenging to transcribe using the IPA. Lack of direct IPA equivalents for the Lithuanian pitch accent represented by prosodic feature sets means that systematicity is the main criteria for transcription. All Aukštaitian and Žemaitian allotones of pitch accent should follow the same transcription rules in the proposed IPA set for dialects as the official set of IPA symbols used for Standard Lithuanian ([¹] (acute) and [²] (circumflex)). It must be noted however that a large number of pitch accent allotones cannot be transcribed using this two-digit system. Any qualitative or quantitative characteristics driven by pitch accent are at least partially represented by supplementary diacritics of length or half length as well as the respective characters of vowel quality. 8. Transcription of the Aukštaitian middle and abbreviated pitch accent in IPA characters remains one of the most debated questions. The set of characters provided in this study does not distinguish between these sharper allotones found in parts of Eastern Aukštaitian subdialects. The circumflex digit [²] is provided before the stressed syllable, while the difference from the main circumflex allotone is shown by the marking/ non-marking of the vowel’s quality or diphthong segments. 9. Žemaitian prosodic units are the most difficult to trascribe in IPA symbols due to stress retraction or its placement further along as well as the unique nature of pitch accent allotones (particularly the broken pitch accent) that characterise this dialect. [...]. [From the publication]

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