ENThe article takes a closer look at the historical relationship between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Moscow during the Time of Troubles. It discusses, among other things, the Muscovite expeditions or the conquest of Smolensk, which events are interpreted from a Lithuanian perspective. It is also noted that three periods can be distinguished in the relations between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Moscow during that time: the quest for peace, the inability to control the country and the resurgence of Moscow’s power. Keywords: Moscow, history 17th century, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Time of Troubles 1598-1613. [From the publication]