Kovo 11-osios akto "Dėl Lietuvos nepriklausomos valstybės atstatymo" rengimo kronika

LTIIki 1989 m. pabaigos okupuotoje Lietuvoje veikusi Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausioji Taryba nebuvo laisvuose demokratiškuose rinkimuose renkamas parlamentas. Tai buvo pseudoparlamentinė struktūra, kurios sudarymą ir veikimą tiesiogiai ir visiškai kontroliavo Sovietų Sąjungos komunistų partijos valdžios teritorinis padalinys Lietuvoje. Sovietų Sąjungos okupacijos laikotarpiu vykdavę LTSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos deputatų „rinkimai“ buvo farsas, skirtas tikrajam deputatų korpuso sudarymo būdui maskuoti, o LTSR Aukščiausiajai Tarybai – neva „suverenios Sovietų Sąjungos respublikos“ tariamam legitimumo įvaizdžiui sukurti. Tik 1990 metais pirmą kartą buvo leista surengti laisvus LTSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos rinkimus, kuriuose Sąjūdžio remiami kandidatai buvo pagrindiniai valdančiosios komunistų partijos remiamų kandidatų politiniai konkurentai. Sąjūdžio dalyvavimas tokiuose LTSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos rinkimuose atitiko jo politinės programos nuostatą – panaikinti 1940 m. SSRS įvykdytą Lietuvos Respublikos aneksiją parlamentiniu būdu.Lietuvos Persitvarkymo Sąjūdis 1989 m. vasario 16 d. priimtoje deklaracijoje jau buvo deklaravęs galutinį tikslą – atkurti nepriklausomą Lietuvos valstybę. 1990 m. vasario 3 d. Vilniuje Sporto rūmuose Sąjūdis surengė konferenciją „Lietuvos kelias“ ir joje priėmė programą, skirtą LTSR Aukščiausiosios Tarybos rinkimams. Sąjūdis savo deklaruotą konstitucinį tikslą – atkurti nepriklausomą Lietuvos valstybę rinkimuose gavęs tautos mandatą – įsipareigojo realizuoti, neatidėliotinai paskelbdamas Lietuvos valstybės atkūrimo aktą: „Sąjūdžio remiami kandidatai, dalyvaujantys 1990 m. vasario 24-osios dienos rinkimuose į Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausiąją Tarybą, gavę Lietuvos visuomenės mandatą įgyvendinti šią programą, sieks atkurti nepriklausomą, demokratiškai tvarkomą Lietuvos valstybę. Sąjūdis numato, jog artimiausiu metu būtina parlamentiniu būdu konstituciniu keliu panaikinti Lietuvos aneksiją ir paskelbti Lietuvos valstybės atkūrimo aktą.“. [Iš leidinio]

ENOn 24 February 1990, for the first time since the occupation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union in 1940, free elections were held to the puppet Supreme Council of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Lithuanian Sąjūdis (the National Freedom Movement) in its official election program pledged on behalf of the new Lithuanian Supreme Council to declare without delay the restoration of an independent, democratic state of Lithuania. This was in accordance with the Lithuanian Sąjūdis striving to abolish the Soviet annexation of Lithuania by parliamentary resolution. After the first round of the 24 February 1990 elections, it already became clear that Lithuanian Sąjūdis candidates would win the election by a large margin. After the second round of elections, on 10 March, the Lithuanian Sąjūdis anticipated a majority of around two thirds in the national parliament of 141 deputies, and obtained a strong majority mandate from the nation to restore the independent state of Lithuania. On 1 March 1990, those Sąjūdis deputies that had been elected in the first round of elections formed their ad hoc working groups, and started the process of drafting legal acts regarding the regulation of the structure and legislative process of the first democratic Lithuanian parliament, as well as of fundamental legal acts for the restoration of the independent state of Lithuania. Working groups had to complete this drafting process before the first session of the new Lithuanian Supreme Council, which was scheduled to start on 10 March.The main working group, then often called the principal Commission, was led by Sąjūdis leader V. Landsbergis. The Commission assumed responsibility for the creation of the basic legal acts regarding the restoration of the independent state of Lithuania. The Commission consisted of 8 deputies from Sąjūdis and one non-deputy lawyer. The author of this article, one of the members of the Commission, when analysing the archival sources of the Commission’s work, reconstructed in detail the drafting process of the Act on the Restoration of the Independent State of Lithuania and four other legal acts logically interconnected with the Act. On 2 and 4 March, the Commission, chaired by V. Landsbergis, started its meetings with a discussion on the mechanism of the restoration of the Lithuanian state – i.e., the structure of the necessary legal acts, the sequence of their adoption, and the principal provisions. On 6 March, the Commission preliminarily agreed that four documents should be prepared and adopted, namely: (i) the Declaration of the Supreme Council of Lithuania on authorisation of its deputies; (ii) the Declaration on the Continuity of the State of Lithuania; (iii) the Declaration on the renewal of the validity of the Lithuanian Constitution of 1938; and (iv) the Act on the Suspension of the 1938 Constitution and the approval of the Provisional Constitution.This article reveals the process of elaborating and improving the legislative language of the abovementioned documents during the Commission’s intensive meetings which took place on 6–9 March. During this time, the provisions of the abovementioned documents were rectified, and the titles of the documents were clarified to better reflect their essences and main principles. The Commission produced a final package of draft legal acts for the restoration of the Lithuanian state on 9 March. This package consisted of the following: 1. Declaration on the authorisation of the deputies of the Lithuanian Supreme Council. 2. Law on the Name and State Emblem of the Lithuanian State. 3. Act on the Restoration of the Independent State of Lithuania. 4. Law on the temporary restoration of the validity of the Constitution of Lithuania of 12 May 1938. 5. Law on the approval of the Temporary Fundamental Law of the Republic of Lithuania. [...].