Turovo evangelijos leidėjas Piotras Hiltebrantas (1865-1871)

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Turovo evangelijos leidėjas Piotras Hiltebrantas (1865-1871)
Alternative Title:
Petr Hil'tebrant, the publisher of the Turov evamgel (1865-1871)
Authors:
Griškaitė, Reda
In the Journal:
Archivum Lithuanicum. 2024, t. 26, p. 275-362
Subject Category:
LT
Kultūros istorija / Cultural history; Piotras Hiltebrantas; 1795-1915. Lietuva Rusijos imperijos sudėtyje; Vilnius. Vilniaus kraštas (Vilnius region); Lietuva (Lithuania).
Summary / Abstract:

LTIdėja parašyti straipsnį apie Piotrą Hiltebrantą (Петр Андрeeвич Гильтебрандт, 1840–1905) kilo atliekant tyrimą apie Piotrą Bezsonovą (Петр Алексеевич Безсонов vel Бессонов, 1827–1898). Visi pirmieji posukiliminiai mūsų naujosios istorijos rašytojai visada pirmiausia lygintini su šia ryškiausia, nors ir trumpai Vilniuje švietusia, anuometine rusų mokslo (ir ne tik) žvaigžde. [...] Net ir iš čia pateiktų istoriografinių pozicijų galima suprasti, kad iki šiol vilnietiškasis Hiltebranto laikotarpis buvo pristatytas labai fragmentiškai. Straipsnio tikslas – pasitelkus naujus archyvinius šaltinius ir atlikus išsamią Vilniuje nuveiktų darbų ir ten paskelbtų publikacijų analizę, rekonstruoti ideologines šio VŠA valdininko nuostatas; ne tik rekonstruoti, bet ir parodyti Hiltebranto (ne)tipiškumą bendrame posukiliminiame naujos Lietuvos istorijos rašymo kontekste. [...]. [Iš teksto, p. 275-279]

ENThe idea to write an article about Petr Hil’tebrandt (vel Hil’tebrant, 1840–1905) was born in the course of researching Pyotr Bezsonov vel Bessonov (1827–1898) (see ALt 25, 297–370). Both of them came to Vilnius (Rus. Vil’na) in 1865, in the wake of the uprising of 1863–1864. Both of them landed a job with the Vilnius Educational District. Both of them came from Moscow, where they had been actively engaged in the Slavophile media. Due to the difference in age, their relationship was one of a mentor and a pupil. Bezsonov, a researcher of Slavism and folklore and publisher of sources, already had a name among the academia, and was therefore handed the mission of setting up a centre for Russian science and culture in Vilnius, its goal being to eradicate the historical memory of the ‘Polish’ intellectual life that had once thrived there. Bezsonov was given a number of high-ranking positions in Vilnius, serving as the chairman of the Vilnius Commission for the Studies and Publication of the Books of the Early Acts and the headmaster of the Rabbi School in Vilnius and then of the 1st Boys’ Gymnasium in Vilnius. On top of that, he was the main reorganiser of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities and the founder of the Vilnius Public Library. What brought Hil’tebrandt to Vilnius was not a career, and definitely not some ideology, but rather his wanting to start life anew: in 1863, he was expelled from the Faculty of History and Philology at Moscow University for his involvement in student unrest. By contrast to Bezsonov, a son to an orthodox priest, Hil’tebrandt came from a family of landlords in Ryazan governorate. When he came to Vilnius in 1865, Bezsonov was at the peak of his maturity: he was 37, married, and had a large family. Hil’tebrandt, who settled in Vilnius the very same year, was twenty-five and single.Contrary to Bezsonov, who did not spend two years in Vilnius, Hil’tebrandt kept working there for a whole seven years. By contrast to his older colleague, he did not engage in any kind of large-scale brainstorming regarding the depolonisation of the North-Western Province (NWP) and its integration into the Russian world: he would simply do what he was told to. He was not as adept with the quill as Bezsonov was, but he was still rather competent with it, and most importantly, he would write ‘correctly’ and had the ability to give ‘scientific’ justification to the Russian nature of the NWP. Opposite to Bezsonov, he was peaceful by nature. We cannot argue that Bezsonov chose Vilnius solely because of his career, for he had an innate sense of curiosity and would simply ‘collect’ new nations and new languages. When he came to the NWP to experience Belarussians first hand, he was surprised by his discovery of Jews and stunned by how large and exotic their diaspora was, which was a contrast to Hil’tebrandt, who was known as a Judeophobe. The management of the Vilnius Educational District liked Hil’tebrandt. In the long run, Bezsonov became a byword for a ‘worthless’ clerk, while Hil’tebrandt was the embodiment of one who was ‘ideal’. When in Vilnius, Hil’tebrandt first landed a job as a student supervisor at the Rabbi School in Vilnius but soon was promoted to an assistant registrar with the Vilnius Central Archives. He also spent some time freelancing for the Vilnius Commission for the Studies and Publication of the Books of the Early Acts. In the fall of 1865, Ivan Kornilov (1811–1901), patron of the Vilnius Educational District tasked him with drafting a plan for the reorganisation of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities, and a year later, organise the cache of manuscripts at the museum and use these texts to establish a Manuscript Department at the Vilnius Public Library.In 1867, he and other staffers of the Vilnius Educational District launched Археографическiй сборникъ (alternatively, Археографическiй сборникъ документовъ, относящихся къ исторiи Сѣверо-Западной Руси, издаваемый при Управленiи Виленскaго Учебнaго Округа (The Archeographic Compendium of Documents Relating to the History of North-Western Russia Published by the Vilnius Educational District 1–14, Vilnius, 1867, 1869–1870, 1874, 1900, 1902, 1904). In 1871, he published Рукописное отдѣленiе Виленской Публичной Библiотеки (The Manuscript Department at the Vilnius Public Library), the first catalogue of the Manuscript Department of the Vilnius Public Library. He would be dispatched on expeditions to scour the NWP for monuments to Slavic writings. He published Сборникъ памяниковъ народнаго творчества въ Сѣверо-Западномъ краѣ (A Collection of Monuments to Folklore in the North-Western Province, Vilnius, 1866). He also wrote commentary to П Русской старины въ Занадныхъ губернiяхъ имперiи (Monuments to the Ancient Times of Russia in the Western Governorates of the Empire, Berlin, St Petersburg, 1868–1874), a publication devised by Pompey Batyushkov (1811–1892), patron of the Vilnius Educational District. [...]. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.33918/26692449-26009
ISSN:
1392-737X
Subject:
Istorija / History
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/112856
Updated:
2025-01-26 20:26:29
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