ENThis chapter discusses the variations in Lithuanian suicide rates throughout the twentieth century as objective indicators that might reflect the impact of historical traumas on the mental health of the society. Gailienė analyzes the epidemiological data and finds that historical traumas are reflected in the dynamic of suicide rates. Male suicide rates “respond” to the historical traumas the most. The chapter reveals the traumatic reality that prevailed during the various stages of history, based on study data and clinical material. In the end, Gailienė concludes that the fluctuations in Lithuanian suicide rates confirm the hypothesis concerning the significance of suicide rates as a social thermometer, as postulated in classic works of sociology. [Publisher annotation]