Vežimo sutarties teisinio reguliavimo problemos

LTSutarties sudarymas – vienas dažniausiai pasitaikančių prievolių atsiradimo pagrindų, kuriuo šalys laisva ir tarpusavyje suderinta valia susisaisto prievoliniais teisiniais santykiais. Tačiau praktikoje sutartys ne visada vykdomos tinkamai. Sutarties netinkamas vykdymas (pažeidimas) gali lemti, kad asmuo, kuriam netinkamai įvykdyta sutartis, patirs nuostolių. Vežimo sutartis gali būti suprantama, kaip sutartis, kurioje dalyvauja dvi šalys, kurios už sutartą sumą sutinka laikytis šalių sutartų sąlygų. Šis apibrėžimas gali būti labai klaidinantis, nors vežimo sutartis ir apima šį svarbų elementą, ji nėra tokia pati, kaip įprastos komercinės sutartys, kurias sudaro ir/ar susitaria šalys. Pabrėžtina, jog pasigendama vientiso požiūrio į vežimo sutarčių teisinio reguliavimo aspektus, stokojama apibendrinimų, išvadų. Tinkama vežimo sutarties svarbos ir reglamentacijos analizė reikalinga tam, kad būtų geriau suprastas vežimo teisinių santykių atsiradimas, pasikeitimas ar pasibaigimas remiantis tokiais teisiniais pagrindais, jų įtaka trečiųjų asmenų teisėms. Įgyvendinant vežimo sutartį yra susiduriama su tokiomis teisinio reguliavimo ir taikymo problemomis, kaip keleivių vežimo lengvaisiais automobiliais veikos vykdymas neturint tam reikalingo leidimo, vežėjo kaltės nustatymo skolos ir nuostolių priteisimo atvejais bei netinkamu vežėjo pareigų vykdymu neužtikrinant tiek krovinio, tiek bagažo saugumo. Raktiniai žodžiai: vežimo sutartis, teisinis reguliavimas, krovinys, bagažas. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe conclusion of a contract is one of the most common bases for the emergence of obligations, by which the parties freely and mutually agreed upon binding themselves in legal relations. In practice, however, contracts are not always properly enforced. Improper performance (breach) of the contract may result in losses to the person to whom the contract was not properly performed. A contract of carriage can be understood as a contract between two parties who, for an agreed amount, agree to abide by the conditions agreed upon by the parties. This definition can be very misleading, although a contract of carriage does include this important element, it is not the same as a normal commercial contract made and/or agreed upon by the parties. Analyzing the problematic situation regarding the problems of legal regulation of the transport contract, the following main problems can be raised: first, the problems arise from the activity of transporting passengers by passenger cars without a permit to do so. Carriers can transport passengers by taxi only if they have a permit to transport passengers by passenger car (taxi) issued in accordance with the procedure established by the Ministry of Transport. Secondly, regarding the award of debt and damages for cargo transportation services, the determination of which is problematic and left to the court. The court must decide whether the insurance compensation has been paid, whether the payment instructions are correct, as well as determining the fault of the carrier rather than determining the amount of damages. Thirdly, problems of legal regulation also arise from improper performance of the service contract, e.g. without ensuring the security of personal luggage or the security of cargo.When solving this issue, the courts have to determine the amount of damages, in most cases plaintiffs request compensation for both pecuniary and non-pecuniary damages, so the determination of damages can be quite problematic and complicated. Analysis of court practice reveals that the most common case of improper performance of trans portation service obligations examined in courts is non-compliance with deadlines in the transportation process, both due to the fault of the carrier and on the part of the recipient. Frequent violations of the contract of carriage due to evasion of payment for the carriage of cargo, how the shipper avoids fulfilling this duty or does not fulfill it under the guise of the statute of limitations for the declaration of a debt judgment claim. Also common are cases involving damages, e.g. issues of reduction of damages due to the fault of the creditor, damages due to lost income, and damages due to damage caused during cargo loading. Keywords: contract of carriage, legal regulation, cargo, baggage. [From the publication]