Failed hegemonic masculinity, negative emotions, and gender-based violence. Theories and elaborations
ENPrimarily a theoretical and self-reflexive elaboration on the relationship between masculinity, violence, and emotion, this chapter revisits theories of hegemonic and other forms of masculinity. Scholars of critical studies on men and masculinities have found a definite link between socialisation within the norms of hegemonic masculinity and an increased risk of violence. It has also been argued that some emotions and affects deployed in the construction of hegemonic masculinity, such as shame, fear, and dread, could also contribute to the underlying causes of violence. Moreover, all these emotions and affects accompany individual failures to become a ‘proper’ heterosexual man. Men are preprogrammed to fail at hegemonic masculinity, yet they are taught that failure is unmasculine, since masculinity favours achievement. This chapter uses the memoir of one of the most notorious Lithuanian criminals, Henrikas Daktaras, entitled Staying Human (2011), to reflect on how violence and failed masculinity become linked through life narratives. [Publisher annotation]
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