ENThis chapter is dedicated to the analysis of family diversity in Lithuania, the country which went through a radical post-socialist transition in the past three decades. The chapter unveils current trends of growing family complexity and portrays socio-legal tensions surrounding this process. It argues that cultural ideas about ‘traditional family’ sustain a powerful position in public and policy discourse, and these ideas are anchored in nationalist sentiments. The turbulent historical legacy, contradictions under Soviet rule, and the high social costs of the transition to capitalism have preserved and encouraged public discourse on the nation-state, which is linked to the ‘traditional family.’ However, the increasing complexities of family life challenge the outdated policies and open opportunities for changes. [Publisher annotation]