"Aušros" (1883-1886) kalbos pokyčiai ir redaktorių kalbinės nuostatos

LTŠiame straipsnyje aiškinamasi, kuo remiantis formuotas Aušros kalbos modelis, analizuojama, kaip ir kodėl jis keitėsi, kokią įtaką turėjo besikeičiantys redaktoriai. Tuo tikslu aptariamos jų nuostatos dėl kalbos modelio šaltinių, paskelbtos pačiame leidinyje ir paaiškėjusios iš egodokumentų. Aušros leidėjų pasirinktõs pietinių vak. a. patarmės pagrindiniai, skiriamieji bruožai išlaikyti net ir keičiantis redaktoriams. Vis dėlto Aušros kalba nemažai įvairavo, o pokyčiai dabar padeda įvertinti redaktorių nuostatas ir jų realizaciją Aušroje. [Iš straipsnio, p. 271]

ENThe language model of Auszra (1883–1886, A) was formed on the basis of Handbuch der Litauischen Sprache by August Schleicher (1856) and Grammatik der littauischen Sprache by Friedrich Kurschat (1876). The publishers of A chose the subdialect of the southwest Highlanders as the basis for their language; its main distinctive features were maintained even when the editors changed. However, the editors’ opinions differed on some language issues. The article analyses how the language of A was changed by the editors Jonas Basanavičius (A1–A5 1883), Jurgis Mikšas (A1–A4 1883; A5/6 [7/8] 1884–A4 1886), and Jonas Šliūpas (A6 1883–A5/6 [7/8] 1884). In the first issues A1–A4 1883 the long vowel [i͘] was marked (sakyti), [č] (Czekai), [š] (raszte), [v] (sweczias), [ž] <ź>(źemes). The endings of the instr. sg. of ()ā, ē stem nouns and adjectives were ‑(i)a (skara), ‑e (upe); nom. pl. of (i)ŏ stem nouns and adjectives ‑ei (Totorei), instr. pl. ‑eis (paupeis). The digraph [uo], used in A1 1883, was replaced by <ů>(nůbodźei) from A2 1883; in A4 1883 (Viešpatie) appeared instead of . A2–A4 1883 shows the influence of Mikšas: he took the diacritical letters <ê, ô, û>from Prussian Lithuanian writing, as well as the praes. 1, 2 pl. of the verb būti with <ē>(ēsame) and praet. 3 of tapti–tapē. As editor of A5 1883, Basanavičius changed the letters , , <ł>into <č>(źalčei), <š>(priešintis) and (labai). He started to use forms with a-, ai- (current Lithuanian e-, ei‑; asame ~ esame, ailę ~ eilę) and the hardened consonant [ž] (Źamaitis ~ žemaitis), as well as the infinitive with -tie (nuneštie); it was characteristic of his native Ožkabaliai subdialect.Šliūpas started editing Auszra from A6 1883 and brought back the digraphs , ; he stopped using the diacritical <ê, ô, û>and began to use [i͘] (givenimo). Šliūpas also chose the instr. sg. ending of ()ā, ē stem nouns and adjectives ‑(i)ą (kalbą), ‑ę (giminę), the nom. pl. of the (i)ŏ stem ‑iai (skiscziai), and the instr. pl. ‑iais (lietuviais). In addition, he introduced forms that were not compatible with Prussian Lithuanian grammar: the reflexive infinitives with -tiesi (belstiesi), and the praes. 3 of the verb reikėti–reiki; and endeavoured to avoid shortened forms of the loc. sg. In A8/10, under Šliūpas’ continuing editorship, the diphthong [ie] of the word niekas began to be marked <ē>, and in A1/3 1884 the praet. 3 tapē of the verb tapti was introduced again. It is likely that these two changes were initiated by Mikšas, even though he was not in Prussian Lithuania at the time. Some of the A5/6 1884 texts were already edited by Mikšas, who replaced Šliūpas. He brought back [i͘], the endings of the instr. sg. of ()ā, ē stem nouns and adjectives ‑(i)a, ‑e, the nom. pl. -ei, and the instr. pl. -eis of (i)ŏ stem nouns and adjectives. Mikšas rejected Basanavičius’ forms with a-, ai- and hard [ž], and Šliūpas’ praes. reiki. He also started writing the praes. 1, 2 pl. of the verb būti with <ē>again. Changes in orthography and in the use of variant forms in A show that the decision to rely on one grammar was apparently not taken, or it was not kept to.The choice of characters in A depended not only on the editors but also on the capabilities of the printers. In 1883, Mauderode’s printing press lacked the <ł>for non-main type texts (A2–A4 1883), as well as the <ů>for headings (A2–A6 1883) and italic texts (A2– A5 1883). The letter <ź>was replaced by <ž>in A9 1885, when the printing was transferred from Mauderode’s to Mikšas’ printing press. [From the publication]