Simono Daukanto 1846 m. spaudinio "Gyvatų didžiųjų karvaidų" ortografija. Palimpsestinės raidės

LTŠi studija skiriama tirti Daukanto 1846 m. Gyvatų didžiųjų karvaidų spaudinio ortografijai, ją lyginti su ankstesnio apie 1834 m. Gyvatų didžiųjų karvaidų rankraščio. Taip pat rekonstruoti Daukanto senesnių tekstų rašybos perdarymo ar išlaikymo tendencijas. Nustatyti stabiliąsias ir mažiau stabilias rašybos ypatybes, atpažinti ir įvardinti pasitaikančios, pavadinčiau, palimpsestinės Daukanto rašybos bruožus. [Iš straipsnio, p. 195]

ENIn 1846, Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864) published his translation of Cornelius Nepos’ Lives of Eminent Commanders (in Lithuanian Giwatas Didiujû Karwaidû, GDKs) at Christian Hintze’s printing press in St Petersburg. This study analyses the orthography in GDKs. There was a previous translation of the book by Daukantas in around 1834 (about 12 years earlier), and most of it survives in the shape of a copy by an anonymous hand. The book was printed from a later manuscript that did not survive. It is obvious that Daukantas had the earlier translation in front of him while preparing the publication. But even if he copied some features of his old orthography, he also often changed the orthography according to his later altered preferences. Another book by Daukantas published the same year (1846) was Pasakas Phedro (PaPhs), a translation of The Fables of Phaedrus. The manuscript of PaPhs was prepared in Daukantas’ own quite renewed orthography (compared to his older manuscript of the same fables Pasakas Pdraus from the first half of 1836). The first quarter of the GDKs text was prepared in similar way to PaPhs: Daukantas preferred to replace old orthographic features with newer ones. However, the other three quarters of the GDKs book were prepared differently: many more older orthographic peculiarities were introduced, such as: <‑iba, ‑ibe>(not <‑yba, ‑ybe>); <‑ay, ‑ey>, <‑ai, ‑ei>(not <‑aj, ‑ej>); <‑ij, ‑ei>in open [‑ẹi] flexions (not <‑ĩj>); , <ęi>, in word roots (not <ĩj>); inf. suffix <‑itĩ>(not <‑ytĩ>).The most plausible reason for the decline in Daukantas’ interest in renewing the older orthography in his new manuscript (beginning in the second quarter) was his sudden illness. Daukantas claimed that at the beginning of January 1846, the blood was rushing inside his head so much that he thought he was going mad or dying, and only after four months did the doctors manage to help him recover enough so that he was able to walk. Nevertheless, the pain in his legs was still terrible, and he could not walk further than a few hundred paces at a time. And approximately at that time, Daukantas was working on his GDK manuscript, so it is possible that the misfortune befell him when he was a quarter of the way through his work. It also means that, even though sick and in pain, he continued writing. Not all the orthographic features were of the same stability. Some of them were quite stable, and Daukantas adapted new versions of expressions even while he was ill (yra; <‑ajs, ‑ejs>; <ąn ąm>; <‑tĩ>; buwo). Other features were less stable and even very unstable, affected by the obvious influence of the orthography of the former manuscript. Among the least stable was the discarding of the grapheme in the position of a long vowel [i·, i]: derivatives with the inf. suffix <‑it‑>; the root giw‑ (‘life, alive’), etc. Also, the diacritical grapheme <ù>was not stable either in PaPhr or in GDKs.These old graphemes that penetrate new texts might be termed palimpsestic. Old graphemes in new texts, especially those that are characterised by less stability, are palimpsestic. This feature was present to some degree in other writings by Daukantas as well: in some manuscripts we can unexpectedly find the grapheme with the very old meaning of the Lowland Lithuanian sound [ẹ] (pronounced somewhat between [i] and [e]), such as the History of the Lithuanian Lowlands of 1831–1834; proverbs copied from Kristijonas Gotlybas Milkus’ dictionaries and Lowland Lithuanian proverbs, both from about 1838, etc. Also, beside the newer grapheme <ó>[ọ], we can find the older <ù>[ọ] in Lowland Lithuanian proverbs, which is a sign that the text was copied from an older manuscript and acquired the former palimpsestic <ù>. [From the publication]

• Motiejaus Valančiaus taisymai Simono Daukanto "Maldos katalikų" rankraštyje / Ieva Šenavičienė. Archivum Lithuanicum. 2000, t. 2, p. 125-138.
• Simono Daukanto 1846-ųjų "Pasakų Fedro" rankraščio ir spaudinio ortografija / Giedrius Subačius. Archivum Lithuanicum. 2022, t. 24, p. 131-186.
• Simono Daukanto Rygos ortografija (1827-1834) / Giedrius Subačius. Vilnius : Lietuvos istorijos institutas, 2018. 471 p.
• Simono Daukanto Sankt-Peterburgo ortografija (1834-1846) / Giedrius Subačius. Vilnius : Lietuvos istorijos institutas, 2021. 636 p.
• Šiaurės vakarų žemaičių žodynas : Ylakių, Lenkimų, Mosėdžio, Skuodo, Šačių apylinkių šnektos / Birutė Vanagienė ; [moksliniai redaktoriai. Vilnius : Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2014-2015. 2 t. (XXXI, 486, X, 502 p.).
• Tekstologija : teorijos ir praktikos gairės / Paulius Subačius. Vilnius : Aidai, 2001. 591 p.