Tarp dvasinės piligrimystės ir kriminalinio turizmo - neošamanizmo kultūrinė analizė

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Tarp dvasinės piligrimystės ir kriminalinio turizmo - neošamanizmo kultūrinė analizė
Alternative Title:
Between a spiritual pilgrimage and criminal tourism: a cultural analysis of neo-shamanism
In the Journal:
Regional formation and development studies. 2024, Nr. 2 (43), p. 38-49
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnyje tyrinėjamas neošamaniškasis turizmas, jo paplitimas ir kompleksiškumas kultūrų studijų kontekste, atsižvelgiant į skirtingas mobilumo formas – ne tik į fizinį žmonių, bet ir į idėjų, vaizdinių bei daiktų judėjimą. Analizuojami neošamanizmo vaizdiniai kultūrinėje vaizduotėje, lėmę šio turistinio reiškinio plitimą, turistų charakteristika ir motyvai, pagrindiniai ištekliai bei šios turizmo industrijos problemiškumas. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize, internetinių šaltinių apžvalga ir atlikto etnografinio tyrimo duomenimis straipsnyje pabrėžiama, kad neošamaniškasis turizmas yra sudėtingas reiškinys, apimantis tradicinių etninių religinių praktikų apropriaciją ir įtraukimą į šiuolaikinės Vakarų kultūros asmenybės tobulinimosi tradiciją. Aptariami neošamanizmo ryšiai su Naujojo amžiaus religiniais judėjimais, gamtiniu dvasingumu ir aplinkosaugos idėjomis bei šio reiškinio vaidmeniu vartotojų visuomenėje. Išryškinami su neošamaniškojo turizmo industrija susiję iššūkiai, tokie kaip turistų srautų poveikis vietos bendruomenėms, etiniai ir teisiniai klausimai, susiję su enteogenų vartojimu. Straipsnis atskleidžia neošamanizmo kompleksiškumą, teorines reiškinio konceptualizavimo strategijas. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: neošamaniškasis turizmas, kultūrinė vaizduotė, enteogenai. [Iš leidinio]

ENThis study delves into neo-shamanic tourism from a cultural studies perspective, employing mobility theory to reveal the phenomenon’s complexity. It examines flows of movement, not just of people but also of ideas and materialities, to uncover the intricate dynamics within neo-shamanic tourism. The research aims to understand the imaginaries associated with shamanism circulating in the socio-cultural imagination, and their connection with the development of neo-shamanic tourism. The goal is to identify the characteristics of this tourism sector, and the needs it addresses in contemporary individuals. The methodology encompasses the comparative analysis of scientific literature, and an analysis of internet sources documenting the neo-shamanic tourism industry. Additionally, it relies on ethnographic data from the Lithuanian community living in an exotic locale, exploring their relationship with nature and spiritual practices. Shamanism is conceptualised from an anthropological standpoint as a socio-religious phenomenon that is common across many non-Western societies, facilitating community healing through interactions with spirits. Neo-shamanism in the Western cultural context involves the appropriation, recreation and eclectic syncretism of the customs and rituals of indigenous cultures, integrated with scientific and psychological perspectives. Mobility studies show that traditional distinctions between tourism and migration, and work and leisure, are blurred, and this study further extends this blurring to encompass neo-shamanic practices and tourism, underscoring the influence of a consumer society where everything is transformed into commodities and services. The research identifies the cultural imaginaries related to the spread of neo-shamanism, and analyses the cultural specifics of the development of neo-shamanic tourism globally and in Lithuania.It seeks to determine the motives and socio-cultural characteristics of individuals pursuing neo-shamanic practices, and examines the main resources of this tourism industry worldwide and in Lithuania, including the role of the use and practices of psychoactive substances. Key insights relate to the notion that neo-shamanism may appeal to those in search of spirituality who are no longer satisfied by traditional Church offerings. Furthermore, the article introduces a scientific discussion suggesting that neo-shamanism could positively influence an increase in environmental awareness. In conclusion, the emergence of neo-shamanic tourism in the West, catalysed by figures such as Mircea Eliade, Michael Harner and Carlos Castaneda, reflects the propagation of an attractive universal shamanic image. Supported by the New Age movement, psychological research on psychedelics and global cultural dynamics, neo-shamanic tourism, interwoven with alternative spiritual practices and the search for psychological wellness, mirrors the dynamics of contemporary socio-cultural processes. The study underscores the ethical and cultural challenges of neo-shamanic tourism, including issues of cultural appropriation, impacts on local communities, and the safety and legal regulation of psychoactive substances, thus highlighting the challenge of delineating this sector of tourism from recreational drug tourism. Keywords: neo-shamanic tourism, cultural imagination, entheogens. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.15181/rfds.v42i1.2610
ISSN:
2029-9370; 2351-6542
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/111048
Updated:
2024-10-11 11:16:32
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