Didysis X Lietuvos užsienio politikoje: 1926 metų Lietuvos ir Sovietų Sąjungos nepuolimo sutarties sudarymo analizė

• Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
• Rusų kalba / Russian
• Prancūzų kalba / French

LTTarpukario Lietuvos užsienio politikos ir diplomatijos tyrinėjimas svarbus ne tik istoriografiniu aspektu. Ypač dabar, kai Lietuva atkūrė savo valstybingumą, vėl tapo pilnateisiu vidaus bei užsienio politikos subjektu. Lietuvai reikalinga nustatyti ir plėsti naudingus diplomatinius, politinius, ekonominius, kultūrinius santykius tiek su kaimyninėmis šalimis, tiek su pasaulio valstybių bendrija, todėl būtina suvokti gyvybinius valstybės interesus ir, remiantis jais, formuoti politinius tikslus bei veikimo priemones. Lietuvos užsienio politikai tarpukariu (kaip ir šiandien) darė įtaką ir žymiai ją apsunkino Sovietų Sąjungos siekis vyrauti Baltijos regione politiškai ir ekonomiškai. Dėl to žymiausių tarpukario Lietuvos užsienio politikos aktų bei reiškinių analizė prasminga ir nūdienos politikos atžvilgiu. 1926 m. rugsėjo 28 d. Lietuvos ir Sovietų Sąjungos Nepuolimo pakto tyrinėjimas leidžia giliau atskleisti Lietuvos politinius ir diplomatinius santykius su šia šalimi, jų pobūdį, tendencijas, parodyti pagrindines Lietuvos užsienio politikos problemas bei pasirinktus jų sprendimo būdus, taip pat Sovietų Sąjungos užsienio politikos esmę, taktiką ir strategiją. Bet kadangi šios dvišalės politinės sutarties sudarymo problematika objektyviai siejasi su trečiųjų valstybių pozicija bei Lietuvos vidaus politine padėtimi, todėl natūraliai šios studijos tyrinėjimų objekto turinys tampa platesnis. [Iš Įvado]

ENStudies of foreign policy and diplomacy of inter-war Lithuania are important not only in historiographical aspect. As in the period between the two World Wars Lithuania's foreign policy now is also influenced and largely complicated by Russia's (USSR)* aspirations to achieve political and economic domination in the Baltic region. 1 herefore, the analysis of relations and most significant political acts between Lithuania and the USSR in the inter-war epoch is relevant also with respect to today's policy. Namely the non-aggression pact concluded between Lithuania and the Soviet Union on September 28, 1926, belongs to such acts. Its analysis makes it possible to better reveal the character and tendencies of Lithuania-USSR relations, highlight the main problems of Lithuanian foreign policy and ways of solving them, as well as the essence, tactics and strategy of Soviet foreign policy. However, in view that the problems of concluding a bilateral political treaty between Lithuania and the Soviet Union were objectively associated with the position of third parties and state of Lithuanian internal affairs the subject matter of this study appears to be by far wider. In the middle of twenties of this century Lithuania represented an important factor of policy in the Central and East Europe. The Baltic region, concomitantly Lithuania, was the cross-road of geopolitical, economic, cultural and ideological interests of East and West European states. Therefore, the orientation of Lithuanian foreign policy on various occasions was of certain importance not only to Baltic states -Poland, Russia, or Germany - but also to the Great Western powers. In one way or other Lithuania's political decision could not remain unnoticed by other countries and, of course, could not be pursued without certain response on their part or attempts to change „something”.This is especially true in view of Lithuania's certain specific problems which induced to coordinate its attempts to gain a secure international position with the question of Vilnius region. Taking into consideration Lithuania's aspirations in foreign policy and the international character of Lithuania-USSR relations we made an attempt to analyze the conclusion of non-aggression pact. Notwithstanding that historians paid great attention to Lithuania- USSR relations in the epoch between the World Wars, the non-ag- gression pact of September 28, 1926, has remained somewhat neglected. Both in the Soviet historiography and works of Lithuanian emigration and foreign historians this question is touched upon fragmentarily and only in certain aspects. Besides, the existing discussions are not analytical ones but rather bear a review character. It must be noted that Lithuanian emigration as well as foreign investigators were not confined in the frame of totalitarian state, therefore, their judgments represent a natural result of their work and convictions. On the other hand, in view of the fact that the mentioned pact has so far received no thorough analysis, the authors’ conclusions here presented cannot be interpreted as a final and exhaustive evaluation. Therefore, only relatively can we distinguish three historiographical trends which are best represtented by the following historians: traditional - Z. Ivinskis, pro-Soviet - E. Dirvele, critical - A. E. Senn. [...]. [From the publication]