Apie ką kalbėjo Konstitucijos šventės? "Švelniosios revoliucijos" epochos iškilmės ir jų dekoracijos

Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Knygos dalis / Part of the book
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Apie ką kalbėjo Konstitucijos šventės? "Švelniosios revoliucijos" epochos iškilmės ir jų dekoracijos
Alternative Title:
What did the Contitutional festivals talk about? The celebrations and their decorations in the epoch of the "gentle revolution"
Authors:
Balaišytė, Lina
In the Book:
Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė: parlamentarizmas, konstitucija, visuomenė / sudarytoja Ramunė Šmigelskytė-Stukienė. Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos institutas, 2023. P. 302-321. (XVIII amžiaus studijos ; 9)
Subject Category:
LT
1569-1795. Lietuva ATR laikotarpiu; Lietuva (Lithuania); Vilnius. Vilniaus kraštas (Vilnius region); Lenkija (Poland); Šventės. Atmintinos dienos / Festivals. Holy days; Kultūros istorija / Cultural history.
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnyje aptariami po 1791 m. gegužės 3 d. konstitucijos priėmimo vykusioms šventėms skirti proginiai vizualiniai kūriniai. Siekiama išnagrinėti, kokios vertybės aktualizuotos ir kokie vaizdiniai kurti „švelniosios revoliucijos“ epochoje. Reikšminiai žodžiai: iškilmės, proginė kūryba, miestai, valdovas. Gegužės 3 d. konstitucija, Stanislovas Augustas Poniatovskis. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe 3 May 1791 Constitution, adopted by the Sejm of the Commonwealth of Both Nations, was welcomed by a significant part of society, therefore the year of the ‘soft revolution’ passed in an atmosphere of elation and patriotism. However, there was some opposition within the country and the geopolitical situation was unfavourable to the Republic, so it was very important for the King and the reformist camp to demonstrate unity and secure the widest possible support for their programme. Celebrations were used as one of their means of action. Their importance was well understood by the initiators of the Republic’s internal reforms, who, as early as the 1780s, began to organize celebrations that appealed to the historical memory and fostered patriotic feelings. Following the adoption of the the Law on Government, various celebrations were organized throughout the year to demonstrate support for the Constitution: oath-taking ceremonies, public act of accepting the rights of the townspeople by the nobility, commemorations of the Constitution, and civic feasts. The celebrations culminated on 3 May 1792, the anniversary of the Constitution. The article discusses the visual occasional works for the celebrations of the adoption of the Constitution. The aim is to analyse what values were actualized and what images were created in the epoch of the gende revolution. The study is based on the descriptions of festivals published in the periodical press and in occasional works. The importance of the text used in the decorations of such festivals was highlighted: various inscriptions amplified the imagery and at the same time served as a foundation for these images. In addition, the text in the descriptions of those festivals had a double power: in addition to the text used in the decorations, there was also the text of the person describing the festivities, in which they gave a verbal interpretation of the image.The decorations of the festivals in the towns and cities showed various forms of gratitude to the King as the author of the Constitution, the saviour of the state, and the defender of the rights of the townspeople. The decorations begin to include images that demonstrate the distinct identity of the citizens along the lines of and even professions (crafts). The town is depicted as an independent political entity, active in the process of consolidating the state. The demonstration of determination to defend the state and the image of the nobility as an ally in the common cause was important for the citizens. It is notable, that the celebrations of the anniversary of the Constitution in Vilnius were particularly marked by the ambitions of the municipality: the townspeople, not the nobility, became the participants in the most important ceremonies, the symbols of the town dominated the celebrations, whereas Town Hall was decorated uniquely with the help of a one of the most famous architects. The ceremony promoted changes in the government as the most important means of saving the state, emphasizing the decisive role of the Ruler and the Sejm, the unity of the people and the King, and the unity of all Estates. Keywords: celebrations, commemorative art, cities, Ruler, Constitution of 3 May 1971, Stanislaw August Poniatowski. [From the publication]

ISBN:
9786098314335
ISSN:
2351-6968
Subject:
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/110561
Updated:
2024-09-20 23:55:53
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