Klaipėdos krašto aukštaičių padėtis XXI a. pradžioje: ar dar esama kontaktų su vokiečių kalba pėdsakų?

Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Klaipėdos krašto aukštaičių padėtis XXI a. pradžioje: ar dar esama kontaktų su vokiečių kalba pėdsakų?
Alternative Title:
Aukštaitian dialect of the Klaipėda region in the 21st century: are there any remaining traces of contacts with German?
Authors:
Bakšienė, Rima
In the Journal:
Subject Category:
LT
Klaipėda. Klaipėdos kraštas (Klaipeda region); Lietuva (Lithuania); Fonetika. Fonologija / Phonology; Tarmės. Dialektai. Dialektologija / Dialects. Dialectology; Kalbų kontaktai / Language contacts; Baltų kalbos / Baltic languages; Germanų kalbos / Germanic languages.
Summary / Abstract:

LTTyrimo tikslas - išanalizuoti aukštaitiškojo Klaipėdos krašto ploto XXI a. antrojo dešimtmečio kalbinę situaciją, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant lietuvių ir vokiečių kalbų kontaktų paieškoms šiame krašte. Tyrimas atliktas dirbant projekte „Vakarų ir pietų aukštaičiai: tarmių ir kitų kalbų sąveikos tyrimai“, todėl jo pobūdį labiausiai ir lėmė projekto tema. Klausantis pateikėjų įrašų, pirmiausia ieškota lietuvių ir vokiečių kalbų kontaktų pėdsakų, tačiau jų, kaip bus matyti toliau, likę labai nedaug. Kur kas daugiau užfiksuota lietuvių tarmių sąveikos elementų. [Iš straipsnio, p. 58]

ENThe article analyses the Aukštaitian-speaking part of the former Klaipėda Region. Referring to the records of several projects carried out in 2011—2014 and 2017, an overview of the local language variant currently spoken in the area is provided. The interaction between different languages and dialects is examined, focusing on any remaining traces of the old traditional local dialect and its potential interaction with German. Analysis of current linguistic situation in the Aukštaitian-speaking part of the Klaipėda Region leads to the conclusion that the local linguistic variant remains quite heterogeneous and multi-layered in both horizontal and vertical sense. A comparison with the most recent comprehensive study (carried out at the very start of the 21st century) revealed that more prominent dialectal features were present in the eastern and western parts of the area several decades later. In contrast, the dialectal distinctiveness of the central area, considered to be the extension of the old local dialect in 2003—2006, is now believed to be declining. The smaller eastern part, which includes the areas surrounding three points from the Atlas of the Lithuanian Language (Smalininkai, Viešvilė and Sokaičiai) demonstrates the growing influence of the local dialect spoken in Jurbarkas, which belongs to the Western Aukštaitian subdialect of Kaunas. The remaining larger part, situated to the left of the Jūra river, exhibits a number of typically Zemaitian (also known as Samogitian) features, which become consistently stronger moving westwards.Certain points located near the Zemaitian area should effectively be considered Zemaitian, as the records made here contained some features characteristic of this dialect, with the informants also identifying themselves as Zemaitians. The entire area within the scope of this analysis also demonstrates horizontal variation. Only the language spoken by the old- est-generation informants (born in the first half of the 20th century) displayed features of the old local dialect, the so-called šišioniškiai, as well as traces of interaction with German. The language spoken by this particular group of informants still features a rather consistent use of the “middle” I. Certain other consonants, which become soft before back vowels, can also be occasionally found, while hard consonants in positions of j-type softening occur quite frequently. Other features, such as the aspiration of voiceless consonants and the transformation of voiced consonants into voiceless (of varying degree), were also are observed during this research. It should be noted that, as a rule, speakers of this particular generation could not tell which language — German or Lithuanian - was their mother tongue. Many are still fluent in German and use it regularly.The most prominent features of the present-day Lithuanian dialects identified in the language of the informants from the two middle generations (older and younger) are the following: the Jurbarkas local dialect in the east (shortening of endings; open vowels i, u, continued accent; etc.) and the neighbouring Zemaitian local dialects in the west (stronger shortening of endings; diphthongization of vowels ė, o; unsystematic widening of vowels i, u; pitch accent similar to the acute accent in the endings of verbs; etc.). The above features can occasionally be found in the written texts of the youngest generation but they are less common, as the language spoken by this age group is closer to Standard Lithuanian. No links with German were identified in the language of younger generations. [From the publication]

Subject:
Kalbotyra / Linguistics
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/110472
Updated:
2024-09-17 19:17:09
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