Draugai ir draugystė daugiakultūrėje aplinkoje

Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Draugai ir draugystė daugiakultūrėje aplinkoje
Alternative Title:
Friends and friendship in a multicultural environment
Authors:
Šaknys, Žilvytis Bernardas
In the Journal:
Contents:
Draugystės samprata eminiu aspektu — Draugystės erdvė: draugų bendras laikas ir tradicijos — Draugų laisvalaikis: šventė ar kasdienybė? — Šventės, švenčiamos su draugais — Apibendrinimas — Literatūra.
Keywords:
LT
Vilnius. Vilniaus kraštas (Vilnius region); Lietuva (Lithuania); Šventės. Atmintinos dienos / Festivals. Holy days; Kasdienis gyvenimas / Everyday life; Etninės grupės / Ethnic groups.
Summary / Abstract:

LTŠioje monografijos dalyje keliu tikslą išanalizuoti, kaip formuojamos ir palaikomos socialinės sąveikos tarp draugų ir kokia jų kultūrinė raiška skirtingose Vilniaus apylinkių vietovėse. Siekiant tikslo išsikeliami šie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti draugų pasirinkimo kriterijus, sureikšminant lyties, giminystės ir etniškumo aspektus; atskleisti, ar ir kaip konstruojamas bendras draugų laisvalaikis po darbo, savaitgaliais ir per atostogas; išanalizuoti draugų sambūrius per kalendorines šventes, išryškinant ir etninių grupių švenčiamas šventes; išnagrinėti, kaip draugų pažymimos šeimos šventės (vardadienis, gimtadienis, gimtuvės, krikštynos, vestuvės ir kt.); išsiaiškinti, kokios draugų tradicijos ir ritualai funkcionuoja įvairaus pobūdžio vietovėse; išanalizuoti, ar skirtingo dydžio, administracinio statuso ir etninės kompozicijos vietovėse skiriasi draugų kartu praleidžiamas laisvalaikis, švenčiamos šventės ir formuojami ritualai. Tyrimo metodika apima pusiau struktūruotą interviu, laisvą pokalbį, stebėjimą, rankraštinių publikuotų ir internetinių šaltinių analizę. Tyrime akcentuojama ir laiko perspektyva, tačiau didesnis dėmesys skiriamas tyrimo meto situacijai, susitelkiant į paskutinių vienerių metų laisvalaikį ir šventes, tikintis tikslesnio asmeninės patirties aprašymo. [Iš straipsnio, p. 226-267]

ENEthnologists describing daily and festive life in their works often use the concept of “friends”, however, attitudes towards friends can differ even among people living in the same locations and who are of the same generation. In Lithuania, “friendship” is not a strictly defined concept that is understood or used unambiguously. In this part of the monograph, I seek to analyse how social interaction is formed and maintained between friends, and what the cultural expression of this interaction is in different locations in the Vilnius surroundings. The following objectives are raised: to analyse criteria for choosing friends, paying particular attention to the aspects of gender, kinship and ethnicity; to reveal if and how shared leisure time with friends is constructed after work, on weekends and during vacations; to analyse gatherings of friends on calendar holidays, highlighting the holidays marked by particular ethnic groups; to discuss how family celebrations (name days, birthdays, the arrival of a new baby, baptisms, weddings, etc.) are marked among friends; to ascertain what kind of traditions and rituals among friends function in various kinds of locations; to analyse whether leisure time spent together with friends in locations of a different size, administrative status and ethnic composition differ, and how the latter may affect what holidays are celebrated or what rituals are formed. The research methodology included semi-structured interviews, free conversations, observation, and the analysis of manuscripts, published and internet sources. The research also highlighted the perspective of time, however greater attention is given to the situation at the time of research, focusing on leisure time and holidays within the last year in the hope of arriving at a more accurate account of personal experience. During field research conducted in 2017 and 2018, 45 respondents were surveyed using the semi-structured interview method.Data was revised in 2021. The age of respondents varied between those born from 1925 to 1999. Answers from people born between 1950 and 1969 dominated. Having analysed criteria for selecting friends, paying particular attention to the aspects of gender, kinship and ethnicity, I concluded that the concept of friendship given by respondents revealed a very varied perception of friendship, which also showed certain priorities when choosing a friend in polyethnic and polyconfessional environments. The research showed that from the emic perspective, friendship is more often associated with necessary support rather than the pleasure of being together without taking into account any secondary interests. This applied especially among women. When analysing the criteria for choosing friends, it may be said that in smaller locations friends-neighbours feature prominently, whereas friends-from-student-days or friends-colleagues are mentioned less frequently. Friends-relatives are more readily justifiable in smaller townships. When analysing the number of close friends, we find that men had more of these. After marriage, the circle of friends among residents of the Vilnius surroundings changed to a lesser extent than it did in Vilnius City. Friendship with someone of the opposite gender is tolerated more in larger locations. In larger locations (Nemenčinė, Trakai), the best friends among Poles Lithuanians were usually people of the same nationality. In smaller locations and among small ethnic groups, the nationality of ones best friends was usually different.In polyethnic environments, Russian is used alongside Lithuanian and Polish. Religious differences were also important in festive interaction. To summarise the research on the concept of friendship, it may be said that age, gender, shared interests and family situation played a larger role in the criteria for friend selection. The size of the location and its ethnic-confessional composition usually only played a secondary role, however the latter are important for the intensity of festive interaction among friends. When looking at the unique aspects of how friends construct their leisure time, the research showed that in the analysis of friends’ leisure time, over the perspective of time differences in leisure time remain constant according to age and social position. The opportunities for young people, families with young children, the elderly, people of various levels of education and representatives of different social layers to spend their leisure time with friends differs, especially over a longer period of time. After marriage, much of the time previously spent with friends is replaced by leisure time within ones own family, while the leisure time of older people is limited by health and financial factors. In both the Soviet period and in the beginning of the 21st century, leisure time was limited for some people on account of having to do a lot of work on their own farms. Some particular (minor) ethnic details in how friends spend their leisure were observed. Polish respondents paid more attention to meeting with friends in church, whereas Karaims mentioned specific kinds of gatherings outdoors, called “majuvka”. [From the publication p. 319-321]

Subject:
Etnologija / Ethnology
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Updated:
2024-09-16 16:07:40
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