LTKrikščioniškojo anapusinio pasaulio vaizdinio recepcijos Lietuvos (ir baltų žemių) kontekste, pasitelkus rašytinius (iš dalies ir archeologinius) šaltinius, straipsnyje analizuojama pirmųjų konvertitų baimė dėl mirusių artimųjų sielų būklės aname pasaulyje, aiškinamasi, kokios priežastys lėmė šių baimę, kaip krikščionybė keitė požiūrį į įkapes ir kodėl dalis konvertitų neatsisakė jų dėti į kapus. Straipsnyje kelta mintis, kad įkapės, turinčios krikščioniškų simbolikų ar maginę reikšmę, Viduramžių Lietuvos senkapiuose išreiškė kai kurių gyvųjų konvertitų preferencijas, jų nuogųstavimų, baimes ir psichologinį nusiteikimų pagelbėti mirusio artimojo sielai fizinėmis priemonėmis. Iš atliktos analizės aiškėja, kad krikščionybė į baltų žemes atsinešė dualistinį anapusinio pasaulio vaizdinį - blogosioms sieloms skirtų pragaro (ir šalia jo esančios skaistyklos) ir gerosioms sieloms skirtų rojaus. Naujakrikštų artimieji, laidoję savo mirusiuosius, labiausiai baiminosi dėl velionio sielos pakliuvimo į pragarų arba skaistyklų, kontroliuotus velnių, taip pat bijota galimų velnių išpuolių prieš pažeidžiamų socialinių grupių - moterų ir vaikų - sielas. Viena vertus, kai kurie artimieji, kaip rodo archeologinė medžiaga, buvo linkę fizinėmis priemonėmis - maginę reikšmę turinčiais daiktais, krikščioniškų simbolikų išreiškiančiais artefaktais pagelbėti sielai išvengti piktųjų demonų (velnių) išpuolių, sumažinti rizikų sielai pakliūti į nepageidaujamų pragarų arba sumažinti sielos kančias skaistykloje, ateityje tikintis sielų pamatyti rojuje. Kita vertus, nepavyko rasti apčiuopiamų įrodymų, kad iki christianizacijos baltų (lietuvių) pasaulėžiūroje būta sieloms aname pasaulyje kenkiančių demonų, kurių funkcijas būtų perėmę krikščioniški velniai. [Iš leidinio]
ENBased on written records, and partially on archaeological sources, the article provides an analysis of how Christianity, which came to Medieval Lithuania with a clearly formulated view of the factual dualism of the afterlife (Paradise for good souls, and Hell and Purgatory for sinners, some of whom were condemned to eternal damnation, and some to temporary punishment), sought to suppress the fear of some converts about the state of the soul of some of their dead relatives in the afterlife. In order to clarify this point, the article opens with an analysis on how and by what means some newly converted Lithuanians (contextually, the Balts people), persecuted by fear, made efforts to improve the lot of the soul in the afterlife during the Christianisation of Lithuania (from the late 14th century to the 15th century). The article then continues with an analysis of whether some of the measures aimed at suppressing fear and anxiety about the afterlife of dead souls might have come from pre-Christian times, by inquiring into what kind of possible fears and anxieties about the state of the soul in the afterlife was present among the ancient Lithuanians (the Balts in this context) prior to the adoption of Christianity, and how they coped with them. The research employed comparative, and, wherever possible, analogy methods. The article puts forwards the assumption that grave goods with Christian symbolism or magical meaning found in old burial grounds of Medieval Lithuania in the period of Lithuania’s Christianisation expressed the preferences of some of the living converts, their anxieties, fears and mental disposition to ‘help’ the soul of the deceased person by using physical measures (fear of evil spirits).In the Middle Ages, there was a very pronounced image of the devil, and a persistent idea that fallen angels would attack the soul of a dead sinner. According to Christian teaching, demons tormented the souls of sinners in Hell and Purgatory; moreover, there was a belief that demons worked hard to the detriment of the living, and enticed them towards sin. It was believed that demons gathered around the bed of a dying man, waiting to claim his sinful soul. According to various popular hagiographic, apocryphal and other sources, Medieval protagonists on their way to the afterlife, although under the protection of angels, would suffer different attacks by demons. All this data shows that fear for the fate of the soul of a deceased person in the afterlife must have worried his or her newly converted family members. Different devotional and other symbolic items relating to Christianity, and/or artefacts loaded with magical Christian meaning, might have specifically manifested practices of suppressing such fears, without rejecting spiritual practices promoted by the Church such as prayer and repentance.Although the Church taught that the souls of the dead could be helped only by works of piety, such as prayer, repentance for sins committed, and other spiritual practices, some converts, just to be on the safe side, were inclined to help the souls of deceased family members by using physical measures: placing in a tomb or a burial pit artefacts with a Christian symbolic or magical protective meaning, in the hope that they would facilitate the soul’s entry into Heaven, a ‘proper’ afterlife space, thereby avoiding eternal fire in Hell or the attacks of demons, helping the socially vulnerable deceased in the afterlife, and, more generally, earning God’s grace. The deposit of these things in a grave does not exclude the motive of repentance and ‘marking’ the deceased with Christian symbols or items laden with Christian meaning. The data analysed in the article suggests that there is no evidence of the possible existence of evil spirits, analogous to Christian demons, in the pre-Christian religion of the ancient Lithuanians, which could inflict fear on the living and attack the souls of the dead on their journey to Heaven or in the afterlife. On the contrary, descriptions of Baltic pagan funeral rites in written records show that the afterlife condition of the soul of the deceased was directly dependent on physical measures: grave goods and their numbers, blood offerings, and the separation of the soul from the body, and in the case of the ancient Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic tribes, the cremation of a dead body, i.e. its destruction. [...]. [From the publication]