Vilniaus bažnyčios ir vienuolynai istorijos bėgyje. Tyrimų apybraižos
LTRengiant šį darbą apie Vilniaus miesto kulto pastatus ir jų vietas, išryškėjo, kad, trūkstant gilesnių tyrinėjimų atskirais šios temos klausimais, tikslingiausia pateikti atskirų objektų (bažnyčių) apybraižas, kuriose apibendrinami šaltinių ir mokslinės literatūros duomenys, stengiantis išryškinti konkrečią pastatų situaciją. Darbe yra nagrinėjama ir aprašoma tik dalis Vilniaus miesto bažnyčių. Daugiausia tai bažnyčios, kurios šiandien jau nebeegzistuoja. Darbe prisilaikoma autoriaus pasirinkto medžiagos apie objektus pateikimo principo: glaustai aptariamos vienuolijos (vienuolių ordinai), jų įsikūrimas Vilniuje ir vienuolynų bei bažnyčių steigimas; aptariami fundaciniai jų aktai; pateikiami duomenys apie paties vienuolyno ir jam priklausančius gyvenamuosius namus bei ūkinius pastatus, daržus, sodus, sklypus, akcentuojant jų situaciją; taip pat glaustai aprašomos veikusios prie vienuolynų ir bažnyčių brolijos, špitolės, mokyklos, spaustuvės; pateikiami duomenys apie bažnyčias ir jų parapijas, koplyčias, kapines. Į apybraižas daug dalykų įtraukiama dar ir tam, kad plačiau atsispindėtų vienuolynų veikla ir jų reikšmė kaip kultūros paminklų apskritai ir tuo pačiu galėtų pasitarnauti atliekant restauracinius darbus. Apybraižose siekiama trumpinti tokius dalykus bei klausimus, kurie plačiai nagrinėti literatūroje arba atskiruose tyrinėjimuose. [Iš Įvado]
ENThe search for more detailed material about the old churches of Vilnius had set in at the dawn of the restoration of independence at the then Institute for the Conservation of Monuments. This was a part of the preparational research process before the regeneration project of the Old Town. During several years (1989-1992) historical material was collected and descriptions were written about the lesser-known (at that time closed and turned into warehouses) and no longer existing (whose places can be found only in old plans or mentioned in sources) Vilnius churches, their property (jurisdiction, the plots of land and houses in them, the main dates of construction or redevelopment, etc.). In 1989 essays about 11 churches have been written (St. James and Philip Church and Dominican Monastery; St. Joseph and Nicodemus Church; St. Mary Magdalene Church and asylum; St. Mary the Comforter Church and Augustinian Monastery; St. Nicholas and St. Peter’s Church; Church and Convent of the Lateran Regular Canons; the Church of the Lord Jesus and the Trinitarian Monastery). In 1990 - essays about the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Franciscan Monastery; Church of the Holy Spirit and the Dominican Monastery; Church of St. George and the Carmelite Monastery have been written. In 1991 five essays - about St. Joseph’s Church and Carmelite Monastery; Heart of Jesus Church and Visitor’s Monastery; All Saints’ Church and Carmelite Monastery; St. Teresa’s (Gate of Dawn) Church and Barefoot Carmelite Monastery; St. Raphael church and monastery; in 1992 - four essays about Piarist Monastery; Ascension Missionary Church and Monastery; St. Francis and Bernardine Church, Bernardine Monastery and St. Anne’s Church.In the 17th century there were 23 churches in Vilnius. In 1772 there were 22 male monasteries with 751 monks and 8 female monasteries with 184 nuns. According to the number of monks, Vilnius surpassed all Lithuanian and Polish cities. According to the number of monasteries, Vilnius was surpassed only by Warsaw and Krakow. Especially many monasteries were established in Vilnius in the 17th and 18th centuries. After the annexation of the Republic to Russia, the number of monasteries decreased, especially after the uprising of 1863 - they were liquidated, converted into Orthodox cult buildings, barracks, etc. Some Catholic churches and monasteries were rebuilt after the First World War. In 1939 there were 37 churches in Vilnius, 16 of which were parishes. Most of the churches usually belonged to some Vilnius monastery. Several churches may have belonged to one monastery, so there was always more fasting than monasteries. The material of the archives of the Vilnius Chapter, Diocese and Consistory shows that starting with the first churches (including that number and those that no longer exist), there were about 40 churches in Vilnius in total. On the occasion of the 600th acceptance of Christianity (1387) in Lithuania and the establishment of the Vilnius diocese, a number of new studies have appeared abroad, in which the history and ecclesiastical organization of the diocese are examined quite extensively. The data of these studies had been used in this work as well. According to their authors, they lacked data, especially about specific parishes and churches in Vilnius (that material is mostly stored in the archives of Lithuania and Belarus).This publication provides descriptions of individual objects (churches), summarizes data from sources and scientific literature, in an effort to highlight the specific situation of buildings. Only part of Vilnius city churches has been analyzed and described in the work. These are mostly churches that no longer exist today. New data about one or another church is published here, although the details do not describe all the details everywhere, but the signatures of the sources indicated will be useful for researchers to find additional information about these cultural heritage sites. The documents stored in the Central State Archive of Lithuania, the State Historical Archive of Lithuania, the Archives of the Monument Restoration Design Institute, which is currently transferred to the Vilnius Regional County Archive, used the documents in the manuscripts of the Lithuanian Metrics, the Wrublewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences and the Vilnius University Library. [From the publication]
