Jaunimo karinės draugijos

LTStraipsnyje analizuojami socialinių bendrijų brandos ritualai, siekiant suprasti, dėl ko jaunimo iniciacijų struktūra tapo baziniu Vakarų civilizacijos modeliu. Kalbama apie G. Dumezilio trinarę indoeuropiečių visuomenės schemą ir jos modifikaciją N. Alleno teorijoje, įvedusioje ketvirtą struktūrą - jaunimo amžiaus grupę. Jaunimo amžiaus grupė tyrime įvardijama, kaip šešėlinė struktūra - atsarginis visuomenės reagavimo variantas, jos ultima ratio. Analizuojamame kontekste jaunimo maištas prieš tradicinę visuomenę interpretuojamas, kaip bandymas ieškoti radikalios išeities sociokultūrinės krizės sąlygomis. Raktiniai žodžiai: amžiaus klasė, iniciacija, jaunimas, krizė, legitimacija, potencija. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe article analyzes the rituals of the maturity of social communities in order to understand why the structure of youth initiations has become the basic model of Western civilization. At the end of the 19th century, the perception that the Eurocentric, humanistic paradigm failed to explain the enormous flow of anthropological material in Western science matured, and a new model of religious studies could be explored, beginning with Numa Fustel de Coulanges. At the beginning of the 20th century, anthropologists Heinrich Schurtz and Arnold van Gennep presented such a model of research emphasizing the importance of initiation rituals and socialization of youth. After the First World War, which caused a permanent crisis in Western civilization, Jose Ortega y Gasset and Karl Mannheim tried to explain the dangerous and difficult- to-manage social changes within Western society. Using the age set model, they tried to re-understand and explain the problem of the disorientation of the social elite. At a time when anthropologists and sociologists were deconstructing the concept of traditional society, highlighting the special role of the youth age group, George Dumėzil, a religious historian and culturologist, tried to dismantle the concept of traditional society on the other hand. Using the theoretical scheme developed by H. Schurtz and Stig Wikander - especially the part that deals with military function - he developed the theory of the ternary structure of Indo-European societies.The later models presented by G. DumeziTs followers had to not only prove the existence of three sacral structural levels - priests, warriors and producers - but also to explain the nature of social dynamics through the functioning of competing classes. There was a clear lack of theoretical and practical flexibility in the structure introduced by G. Dumėzil and his followers. In order to expand G. Dumezil’s society scheme, Nick Allen added an additional fourth structure - the age set of youth. The fourth sphere was intended to denote an exceptional situation or a state of social exclusion. The latter marked otherness, social inversion, and even openly deviant behavior. In this concept, the age group of young people was named as a shadow structure - a backup variant of the public response, its ultima ratio. For the first time in the history of the world, paramilitary youth organizations, using the structures of secret cult initiations, were able to form an alternative to order, putting the interests of young people above the old, traditional and stagnant elite of society. At the end of the article, it can be concluded that the youth age class, a derivative of a purely social periphery in traditional Bronze Age societies, began to act as a reserve source for social renewal during the crisis in the Iron Age, challenging the traditional order. Keywords: age set, crisis, initiation, legitimacy, potence, youth. [From the publication]

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