Slaptieji KGB bendrininkai: agentų veikla šeštajame-devintajame dešimtmečiais

LTKGB agentų tema lietuviškoje istoriografijoje atsiskleidžia įvairiai ir tarsi turėtų prisidėti prie viešojo diskurso racionalizavimo. Deja, taip neįvyko. Asmenų, bendradarbiavusių su okupaciniais režimais, tyrimus apsunkina iki galo neaptarti nacių ir sovietų okupacinių režimų bei kolaboranto sąvokų vertinimai. Tokiose diskusijose dalyvauja ir politikai, kartais naudodami KGB kortą saviems interesams. Daugiau emocijomis nei faktais paremtas KGB agentų vertinimas rodo, kad iki galo neaptarta praeitis vis dar daro įtaką dabarčiai, netgi politinei darbotvarkei. Kuo daugiau visuomenė žinos apie KGB agentus, tuo mažiau bus vietų spekuliacijoms ir mitams, o diskusijos taps racionalesnės, konstruktyvesnės ir agentai nebus taip negatyviai vertinami. Šio tyrimo tikslas - apibūdinti agentus ir jų veiklą, įvertinti jų vietą ir svarbą įgyvendinant KGB operatyvinius ir propagandinius uždavinius.Siekiant atskleisti užsibrėžtus tikslus, keliami šie uždaviniai: - apibūdinti agentūrinio tinklo raidos etapus ir pokyčius; - įvardyti agentams apibrėžtus tikslus, formuojamus uždavinius; - atskleisti agentūros tinklo formavimo principus; - išanalizuoti agentų vaidmenį KGB kovoje prieš neginkluotą antisovietinį pasipriešinimą: rezistentus, išeivius, dvasininkiją, užtikrinant kitų visuomenės grupių kontrolę; - apibūdinti agentų vietą propagandinėse ir kompromitavimo akcijose; - atsikleisti agentų vaidmenį užtikrinant turizmo ir teritorijos bei ekonomikos sektorių kontrolės mechanizmus; - apibūdinti agentų socialinį portretą pagal šiuos parametrus: išsilavinimą, amžių, socialinę grupę; pateikti statistinių duomenų apie agentūros tinklą analizę, parodančią agentūros tinklo raidą; atskleisti KGB keliamus tikslus per pasirinktus aspektus (išsilavinimą, amžių, socialinę padėtį, agentų pasiskirstymą pagal rajonus (miestus), KGB veiklos linijas - 2-ąją ir 5-ąją kontržvalgybos linijas, naujų ir pašalintų agentų raidą). [Iš Įvado]

ENAgents were one of the mainstays and key sources of power for KGB activities. The KGB’s operations were organised on the basis of information provided by them, although not exclusively. It is also an area of KGB activity shrouded in secrets and myths. The institution itself contributed to the myth that there are KGB eyes and ears - i. e. agents - everywhere. This was supposed to ensure control over society and spread fear and mutual distrust. Information about agents was kept under lock and key, even within the institution itself. And now the most intriguing and interesting thing is what is under the veil of secrecy, i.e., what lies behind the agents’ code names. The purpose of this book is to describe the agents and their activities and to assess their place and importance in carrying out the KGB’s operational and propaganda tasks. To this end, the following tasks are set: describing the stages of development and changes of the agent network; identifying the objectives and assignments that the agents were given; disclosing how the agent network was formed; analysing their role in the KGB’s struggle against unarmed anti-Soviet resistance (the resistance, emigrants, the clergy), and in ensuring control of other segments of society; describing their place in propaganda and kompromat campaigns; revealing their role in ensuring control mechanisms for tourism, territory and economic sectors; describing the social portrait of the agents in terms of education, age and social group; providing an analysis of statistics about the agency’s network to shed light on the evolution of the network and the KGB’s objectives through selected aspects (education, age, social status, agent distribution by district/city, KGB lines of operation - counter-intelligence lines 2 and 5, development of new and removed agents).KGB documents which present definitions of the concepts of the agent and their types, as well as the assignments given to them and their objectives, help shed light on the essence of agent activities and the objectives set for them. The KGB sought to control as many areas of life as possible, so agents, as key facilitators, were given various objectives and assignments. In Order No 00140 of 4 July 1983 of the Chairman of the USSR Committee for State Security, an agent was defined as a Soviet citizen, foreign national or stateless person who secretly cooperates with KGB bodies and performs the assignments given in ensuring the security of the USSR. The KGB agent apparatus consisted of agents, residents, and owners of secret meeting and conspiracy flats. KGB secret collaborators were classified according to the nature of their activities and the assignments given to them. They changed, as what suited the partisan movement did not suit the period of peace, because new challenges arose, such as intensifying foreign relations, various actions and forms of peaceful anti-Soviet resistance, and confrontation and competition with the West in various spheres of life. Gathering information was the most important function of secret collaborators. Preventing various actions and manifestations of anti-Soviet activities, getting close to anti-Soviet individuals, and undermining organised underground activities from within by instigating and compromising certain individuals was the most important objective of internal agents. Agents of influence had to contribute to the spread of ideological indoctrination, i. e. dissuade and change the minds of “lost individuals”, disseminate information useful to the Soviet authorities about the achievements of Soviet Lithuania, and so on. They also had to contribute to kompromat campaigns.Through their activities, agents had to prepare the ground for the isolation of individuals in the public space, and for the detriment, discrediting and disinformation of ideas unfavourable to the Soviet government, such as the policy of non-recogmtion of Lithuanian occupations spread by emigrants, in the international space. KGB agents also played an important role in areas that were not related to resistance activities. These include control of the country’s territory and monitoring of tourism and the economic sector, for example, control of the protection of strategic facilities and information, scientific and industrial espionage, and monitoring and recording the mood of society and its individual segments in general. Throughout the Soviet occupation, the agent network played an important role in carrying out the assignments given to the Soviet repressive apparatus. During the periods of 1940-1941, 1944-1953 and 1954-1990, the basic operating principles of Soviet security and its secret collaborators did not change. However, during this time, Soviet security faced different challenges, and this also affected differences in agent work, such as emphasis on certain categories of agents and the principles of operation. The nuances of recruiting agents also vary from period to period: from the mass recruitment of everyone who was being monitored by the KGB - especially ones who had been arrested - during the 1940-1953 period to the selective recruitment of certain categories of people after 1953. It is possible to see the emphasis on different types of agents and the assignments given to them at different times and the relationship of agents’ activities with other KGB measures [...]. [From the publication]