Herbas kilmingos XVII–XVIII a. Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės moters gyvenime – svarbi identiteto dalis

LTStraipsnyje atkreiptas dėmesys į Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kilmingųjų moterų, daugiausia bajorių, heraldiką XVII-XVIII a. Straipsnio tikslas - aptarti, kokią reikšmę herbas turėjo kilmingųjų moterų gyvenime XVII-XVIII a. Taip pat siekiama pristatyti pradėjusias formuotis Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kilmingųjų moterų heraldikos tradicijas, herbų sudarymo ir naudojimo ypatybes. Darbe nagrinėjami Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kilmingųjų moterų herbiniai antspaudai bei ikonografijoje, knygų grafikoje ir kitur vaizduojami herbai. Pažymėtina, kad išsamūs moterų heraldikos tyrimai Lietuvos istoriografijoje tik pradedami, todėl straipsnyje pateikiami tik pirmieji pastebėjimai, hipotezės ir išvados šia tema. Reikšminiai žodžiai: heraldika, herbas, antspaudas, kilminga moteris, Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė. [Iš leidinio]

ENHeraldry and its research have deep traditions in Europe. In Lithuania, interest in this field is a more recent phenomenon. The late beginning of heraldry research was partly influenced by the loss of Lithuania’s independence. At present, researchers’ attention is focused mainly on the periods of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, also looking at Lithuanian heraldry of the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries, and conducting thorough research into the coats of arms of the state, its cities, and towns. Research on the heraldry of the nobility, such as the heraldry of the political elite in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania - the families of Goštautas, Pacas, Radvila, Sapiega, and others - is also conducted. The heraldry of the noblewomen of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania has received less attention. This article focuses on the heraldry of the noblewomen of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It also aims to discuss the significance of the coat of arms in the noblewoman’s life in the Grand Duchy ofLithuania during that period and to introduce the traditions of heraldry, the formation and use of noblewomen’s coats of arms in the Grand Duchy ofLithuania. Analysis of the heraldic sources related to noblewomen revealed that the coats of arms of the noblewomen of the Grand Duchy ofLithuania appeared in seals, literature, portraits, tombstones, etc. The coats of arms were often oval or traditional shield-shaped. Also, very often the noblewomen of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania used shields with a crest. In various cases, compared to men’s coats of arms, women’s coats of arms are more decorative, embellished with plant and floral motifs. Over the course of time, the noblewomen’s coats of arms became a unique means of representation and an important part of identity. Keywords: heraldry, coat of arms, seal, noblewoman. Grand Duchy ofLithuania. [From the publication]