Aprangos pavadinimai: XXI amžiaus 2-ojo dešimtmečio šaltinių pagrindu
LTŠi mokslo studija – bandymas plačiau aprašyti XXI a. 2-ojo dešimtmečio šaltiniuose apie aprangą ir madą fiksuojamus aprangos pavadinimus ir aptarti jų terminologinę vertę. Pasirinkto laikotarpio aprangos pavadinimai įvairialypiai – tarp jų esama ir puikiai visiems žinomų bei plačiai nuo seno vartojamų aprangos pavadinimų (bateliai, gladiatoriai, megztinis, palaidinė, švarkas), ir gana siaurai vartojamų istorinės aprangos pavadinimų (banjanas, kabanas, kalaziris, peplas, tabardas), ir naujų, aprangos terminų žodynuose nefiksuojamų šiuolaikinės aprangos pavadinimų (bombačai, kalcės, kriperiai, nikerbrokeriai, spenseris). Dalis jų nepritampa prie esamos aprangos pavadinimų sistemos, yra svetimi, netikslūs, nemotyvuoti, netaisyklingi (boyfriend jeans, crop-top, jeggings, Oxford batai). Nors šie aprangos pavadinimai neatitinka jiems keliamų taisyklingumo, grynumo, tikslumo, sistemiškumo ir kitų reikalavimų, tačiau yra paplitę vartosenoje ir daugumai jų iki šiol neturima terminologines normas atitinkančių atitikmenų. Aprangos pavadinimų įvairovė, skirtingi šaltiniai (spausdinti ir internetiniai) leido šioje mokslo studijoje išryškinti būdingiausias aprangos pavadinimų ypatybes ir atskleisti naujus vartosenos polinkius. [Iš Pratarmės]
ENAlthough we live in the 21st century, where globalisation, new technologies such as nano, bio, 3D technologies, etc., as well as other scientific advances and the rise of consumerism are rapidly changing the way we live and the conditions, one thing has remained unchanged to this day - people’s need to dress. Just as clothes change over time, so do the terms and names for new clothes. The aim of the research is to determine the terminological value of clothing terms and names recorded in the sources of the second decade of the 21st century based on the requirements for terminology in terms of accuracy, correctness, systematicity, constancy, convenience, dative convenience, stylistic neutrality, as well as the other requirements for terminology and the general principles of standardization. To achieve the goal, the following tasks are set: 1) to classify the clothing names found in the sources into semantic groups; 2) to reveal the relationship between clothing names of Lithuanian, non-Lithuanian, and mixed origin; 3) to highlight the terminological peculiarities of the clothing names, taking into account the expression of these names and the nature of the source. The study examines 358 different clothing names (including synonyms and variants - 386 clothing names) found in printed and online sources published in the second decade of the 21st century. The study of these clothing names reveals that clothing names are only sometimes in line with the requirements for terms in terminology and the general principles of term normalization. As the material collected shows, this is probably not only linguistic but also extralinguistic reasons.The names of clothing recorded in the sources of the period in question are analyzed by dividing them into five semantic groups: clothing, footgear and footwear, socks and gloves, head ornaments and headgear, and neckwear. The largest number of names was found for clothing (63% of the total number of samples in the study), while the smallest number of names was found for neckwear (only 1.1%), footwear (and head ornaments and headgear) (17.1% and 16.4%, respectively). The number of names for socks and gloves was also small, at 2.4% of the total number of names. Non-Lithuanian names dominate—55.3% of all names. Around 8% of non-Lithuanian names are non-Lithuanian clothing names that are not used and do not comply with the most important requirements of the terms and the principles of term normalization. Names of Lithuanian origin are not frequent in the sources; it can be said that every fourth name found in the dictionaries studied is Lithuanian (25.9%). At the same time, it should be noted that a small number of the clothing names analyzed in the study are not only used by clothing professionals but are also widely used in everyday language. They shall be considered as general terms of clothing (apatinukas, bateliai, bateliai smailiais kulniukais, kasdienis kostiumas, kelnių kostiumas, liemenėlė, megztinis, palaidinė, plati suknelė, siauros kelnės, švarkas, tiesios kelnės, vestuvinė suknelė et al.). The rest of the clothing names, such as aketonas, baskinsai, banjanas, džornėja, egretė, fustanela, gaučų kelnės, hidžabas, peplas, plimsoliai, pulenai, rubeka, vengriška palaidinė, tabardas, tėjiniai marškinėliai etc., are rarer and not all of them are recorded in specialist dictionaries of clothing terms.The most notable are the non-normative names of clothing, which are usually neither orthographically nor morphologically adapted, such as baby doll, boyfriend jeans, bootcut, brogues, crop-top, espadrille, fascinator, jeggings, le smoking, loafers, louboutin, mules, Oxford shoes, pump etc., which are not even being searched for a proper name, although equivalents for most of them can be found in dictionaries of clothing terms or other language sources. These names are typical of online dictionaries. This practice of using quotation-form clothing names in dictionaries reveals inadequate terminological qualifications of their authors, compilers, especially translators and/or editors, and shows a tendency to refer to lesser-known clothing terms by their original form names. This is also due to the influence of the English language. Unadapted clothing names are foreign and do not fit in at all with the existing system of clothing names, and do not meet the requirements of correctness, purity, precision, clarity and, in some cases, constancy. Among the clothing names recorded in the sources of the second decade of the 21st century are the ones whose nominalization is related to eponymic clothing names. By far the largest number of names found in dictionaries are anthroponymic names, i.e., single or compound names of clothing that are in some way related to the names of people or characters [...]. [From the publication]
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