Lietuvių kalbos instituto istorija. 3, (Ne)aneksuotoji kalbotyra

LTTai trečioji mokslo studija apie lietuvių kalbotyrą, apimanti pokarinį ir vėlesnį sovietmetį. Sisteminė analizė ir studijos apimtis vertė koncentruotis į svarbiausius Lietuvių kalbos instituto darbus, todėl galima sakyti, kad apsiribota tos kalbininkų kartos, kuri aukštuosius lituanistikos mokslus baigė iki 1970-ųjų, moksline veikla. Studijoje aptariami jungtinio Lietuvių kalbos ir literatūros instituto kalbininkų darbai ir likimai. Atskleidžiamas centralizuoto mokslo sistemos valdymo ir įvairių ideologinių bei nomenklatūrinių ribojimų mechanizmas, mokslinės tematikos kaita ir „uniforminio“ stiliaus ypatumai: ne tik visuotinai vartotos ideologizuotos spaudos klišės, bet ir tam tikri nutylėjimai ar net turinio iškraipymai (autorės pavadinti simplifikacijos terminu). Vis dėlto, nepaisant minėtų aplinkybių, reikia pripažinti, kad sovietmečiu, kaip ir kitais Lietuvai lemiamų istorinių ir politinių lūžių metais, Institutas atliko savo pirmtakų susikurtą misiją – ugdė ir puoselėjo Būgos ir Jablonskio sukurtas lituanistikos tradicijas, rūpinosi kalbotyros plėtra, sergėjo lietuvių kalbą kaip tautos tapatybės ženklą ir kultūrinę vertybę ateinančioms kartoms. [Leidėjo anotacija]

ENMarked with severe repression and the end of armed anti-Soviet resistance in Lithuania, the early post-war period drew to a close in the 1950s. In the history of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, the 1945-1953 chapter is known for its focus on applied research. However, this was not the case with Lithuanian linguistics. In 1952, the Institute of the Lithuanian Language under the Lithuanian SSR Academy of Sciences lost its independence and was amalgamated with the Institute of the Lithuanian Literature to form one integrated structure - the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and Literature, with Kostas Korsakas appointed as director. Juozas Balčikonis, former head of the Institute, was excluded from the new management structure. Balčikonis’ complicated relationship with the Communist party serves to illustrate the Soviet repression of the interwar intelligentsia who had not fled Lithuania. With a new class of nomenclatorial intelligentsia emerging, attempts were made to “re-educate” this older generation of academics. They were forced out of managing positions, even from the lowest ranks of administration, and began to move away (or were removed) from active academic work. From around i960, a new generation of researchers - both party members and non-affiliated academics - began to emerge at the Institute. Although these linguists were not subject to the same strict requirements of proletariat origins and exemplary biographies compared to the older, “bourgeois” generation of academics, only complete political and ideological obedience could lead to better career opportunities and living conditions. It also affected one’s chances of studying for a PhD. So in the Long Soviet Period the nomenclatorial intelligentsia described in Volume II is replaced by research personnel, members of which were relatively obedient, scrupulously reported on their work (mostly planned by others) and participated in public matters in one way or another.Based on archived documentation, this study is perhaps the first thorough investigation of the mechanism for centralised institutional management that characterised the Soviet period and changed the content of linguistic academic (applied) activities as well as the way they were organised. For ideological and political purposes, the academic studies of the Lithuanian language were controlled not only from Vilnius but Moscow too. However, it must be acknowledged that the main trends of modern linguistics often reached the largest research centres - Moscow and Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) - first. So those who’d earned their PhDs in these institutions could return to Lithuania with more contemporary ideas, such as socio-linguistics (as it was understood in Moscow and Leningrad, of course). The aim of this study is to provide a systemic overview of the Institute’s scientific (and applied) research during the Long Soviet Period (about 40 years) by referring to primary sources. The author’s previously developed algorithm based on the analysis of early post-war publications also proved suitable for assessing subsequent linguistic studies during the Soviet period. In order to provide a panoramic view of linguistic subjects studied during the Soviet period, the following tasks required completion: Based on archived documents, analyse the specifics of centralised institutional management; Based on the publications of the time, investigate how the content of Lithuanian linguistics was being shaped during the post-war years and afterwards; Analyse methods of ideologization and their expression in linguistic academic literature; Provide a more detailed analysis of simplification, a typical phenomenon in post-war linguistics; Provide new information from the history of major collective studies conducted by the Institute and summarise it.The study is based on a wealth of empirical materials: the Institute’s meeting protocols, plans for and reports on research activities, personal and institutional files of individual employees stored at the Lithuanian Central State Archive, recollections and testimonies of contemporaries, academic and promotional linguistic publications from different periods. The content of this study is closely linked to the historical events of the discussed period and is therefore laid out in chronological order. As with previous volumes, this book consists of three main chapters as well as the Preface, Introduction and Summary. Chapter I The Integrated Institute: Transformations During the Long Bolshevik Period introduces the specific principles of organising research activities applied across all institutions under the Lithuanian SSR Academy of Sciences. Based on archived documents, this section also covers the practical functioning of research mechanism. Due to the specifics of Soviet-period planning - yearly, five-yearly or seven-yearly targets which had to be fulfilled and even exceeded - the author of this study could not fully rely on the official reports or protocols. These documents had been heavily edited in order to comply with strict form requirements, often embellishing the content along the way too. [...]. [From the publication]

• Kalbotyra / Linguistics
• Istorija / History