LTStraipsnyje siekiama pagrįsti įtariamojo (kaltinamojo) procesinį veiksnumą, kurį lemia asmens psichikos būklė. Pradedama analizuoti nuo bendrojo procesinio teisinio subjektiškumo kategorijos, kurią sudaro procesinis teisnumas ir procesinis veiksnumas. Pabrėžiama, kad įtariamojo (kaltinamojo) procesinio subjektiškumo problema siejama su šio dalyvio galimybės (leidimo) veikti įgijimo ir šios galimybės įgyvendinimo (pasinaudojimo subjektinėmis teisėmis bei teisinių pareigų įgyvendinimo) proceso metu klausimais. Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinis Teismas yra nurodęs, jog teisinis subjektiškumas apskritai laikytinas priemone, siekiant ginti savo teisėtus interesus. Toliau straipsnyje tiriamas baudžiamasis procesinis veiksnumas, kuris, priešingai nei civilinis procesinis veiksnumas, Lietuvoje nėra įstatymiškai įtvirtintas. Autorė pateikia keletą mokslinių nuostatų, kuriomis remdamiesi atskleidžia įtariamųjų (kaltinamųjų) procesinio veiksnumo turinį, atsižvelgiant į jų intelekto, valios kriterijus. Nurodomi ir tokio procesinio veiksnumo pagrindimo tam tikri sąlyčio taškai ir su bendrosios, ir su kontinentinės teisės šalių doktrina. Apibendrinant pateiktas straipsnyje nuostatas teigiama, kad įtariamojo (kaltinamojo) procesinį veiksnumą lemia toks psichikos gebėjimas, kuris leidžia suvokti viso baudžiamojo proceso (taip pat ir nusikalstamos veikos) bei savo procesinės padėties esmę, pobūdį ir reikšmę, taip pat savarankiškai įgyvendinti procesines teises ir pareigas. Dėl psichikos sutrikimų minėti gebėjimai gali būti apriboti (ribotas procesinis veiksnumas) arba visiškai panaikinti (procesinis neveiksnumas). Reikšminiai žodžiai: baudžiamasis procesas, negalia, įtariamasis (kaltinamasis), baudžiamasis procesinis veiksnumas. [Iš leidinio]
ENThe parties of the criminal process, possessing the same procedural status (the suspects, indictees), must also have the same rights and obligations; however, if such “differences” as mental disability exists between them, discrimination of the rights and obligations is objectively justifiable. Otherwise, deviation from the constitutional principles of equality between the lawful state and the persons would occur.The article is aimed at substantiating the suspect’s (indictee’s) procedural capability, which is predetermined by the person’s psychic condition. The article starts with an analysis of the category of the general procedural legal subjectivity, which is composed of the procedural legal capacity and the procedural capability. It is stressed that the problem with the suspect’s (indictee’s) procedural subjectivity is related to the items on acquisition of the party’s possibility (permission) to act and on the realization of this possibility (making use of the subjective rights and implementation of the legal obligations) in the course of the process. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania has noted that, generally speaking, legal subjectivity is to be considered as a tool for defending one’s rightful interests.The criminal procedural capability, which is not legally consolidated in Lithuania, contrariwise to the civil procedural capability, is investigated further on in the article. The author submits several scientific provisions, with the help of which she reveals the content of the suspects’ (indictees’) procedural capability via the criteria of his/her intellect and will. Certain points of contact of substantiation of such procedural capability, with the doctrine of the countries, which practice both general and continental law, are indicated. While generalizing the provisions, submitted in the present article, it is stated that the suspect’s (indictee’s) procedural capability is predetermined by his/her such psychic capability, which allows to perceive the essence, nature and significance of the whole criminal process (including the essence, nature and significance of the criminal deed) and of one’s procedural position, as well as allowing the implementation of the procedural rights and obligations. The above-mentioned capabilities may be restricted through mental disorders (the limited procedural capability) or repealed totally (the procedural incapability). Keywords: criminal procedure, disability, suspected (accused) person, criminal procedural capability. [From the publication]