Europos vykdomojo rašto procedūros įgyvendinimas – Lietuvos patirtis

LTStraipsnyje analizuojamas penkerius metus Europos Sąjungoje galiojančio 2004 m. balandžio 21 d. Europos Parlamento ir Tarybos reglamento, sukuriančio neginčytinų reikalavimų Europos vykdomąjį raštą (EB) Nr. 805/2004, įgyvendinimas bei vieningo teismų sprendimų vykdymo be exequatur procedūros teisinis reglamentavimas Lietuvos civilinio proceso teisėje. Reglamentas Lietuvoje įgyvendintas 2008 m. lapkričio 13 d. Lietuvos Respublikos civilinį procesą reglamentuojančių Europos Sąjungos ir tarptautinės teisės aktų įgyvendinimo įstatymu. Straipsnyje pateikiama detali šio įstatymo septintojo skirsnio, skirto Europos vykdomojo rašto procedūros perkėlimui į Lietuvos civilinio proceso teisę, analizė, nurodomos teisinio reglamentavimo spragos, įstatymų leidėjo nenuoseklumas bei pateikiami siūlymai dėl galiojančio teisinio reglamentavimo tobulinimo. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Europos vykdomasis raštas, exequatur, teismo sprendimų vykdymas Europos Sąjungoje, savitarpio pripažinimo principas. [Iš leidinio]

ENThis article provides a study of the legal regulations of the European enforcement order and the uniform enforcement of judgments without the exequatur procedure, which have been in place between the member states of the European Union for five years already. In the Lithuanian civil procedure law it details the implementation of Regulation (EC) No. 805/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 for creating a European Enforcement Order for uncontested claims in the national law of Lithuania. The aforementioned legal act of the European Union has been implemented in Lithuania with the adoption of the Republic of Lithuania Law on the Implementation of the European Union and International Legal Acts regulating civil procedure of 13 November 2008. This article gives a detailed analysis of Section 7 of this rather new law, which is designated for the transposition of the European enforcement order into the Lithuanian law of civil procedure, and it provides an indication of the legal regulation gaps and inconsistencies of the legislation, also offering proposals to improve the existing legal regulation.When judgments and judicial proceedings satisfy the set criteria, the procedure of the European enforcement order is an attractive alternative to the customary procedure of recognition of a court judgment in another EU member state. Nevertheless, one has to agree with the sceptics, who believe that the mutual recognition principle will hardly be implemented, as foreseen in the Hague Programme, and that due to the differences existing in the legal systems of the EU member states and, in particular, in their enforcement procedures, as well as due to insufficient trust in each others’ legal systems and administration of justice, court judgments without the exequatur procedure will hardly ever replace the revision of judgments in the enforcing state. The application of the procedure of the European Enforcement Order in practice is rather limited and often leads to various practical difficulties for those who seek to recourse it. Keywords: European Enforcement Order, exequatur, enforcement of judgements in the European Union, principal of mutual recognition. [From the publication]