Complex posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescence: A two-year follow-up study
ENBackground. Complex posttraumatic stress disorder is a new diagnosis in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). There is a need for a better understanding of complex PTSD in children and adolescents. Objective The study aimed to estimate the factors associated with chronic complex PTSD versus recovery of complex PTSD in adolescents in a 2-year follow-up study. Method. In total, 66 adolescents, mean age 14.5, 73% female, identified as having complex PTSD using self-report at baseline recruited from a general population sample, were included in the study. The International Trauma Questionnaire - Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA) was used for the assessment of complex PTSD. Results. Overall, 36% of the study sample has been identified as having chronic complex PTSD over 2 years, 10% met the criteria for PTSD at a 2-year follow-up, and 54% recovered. A higher risk for chronic complex PTSD was associated with exposure to more traumatic events and more life-stressors over the 2 years, low social network, low positive social support, bullying at school, and loneliness. Conclusion. The study found that around one-third of the traumatized youth had a prolonged trajectory of complex PTSD symptoms, which were associated with negative life experiences and social difficulties. Keywords: Complex PTSD, adolescence, ICD-11, trauma, longitudinal. [From the publication]
- "No posttraumatic stress disorder in Lithuania" : national health care fails to identify PTSD / Evaldas Kazlauskas, Paulina Zelviene, and Jonas Eimontas. Journal of traumatic stress. 2017, 30, p. 99-102.
- PTSD and Complex PTSD: ICD-11 updates on concept and measurement in the UK, USA, Germany and Lithuania / Thanos Karatzias, Marylene Cloitre, Andreas Maercker, Evaldas Kazlauskas, Mark Shevlin, Philip Hyland, Jonathan I. Bisson, Neil P. Roberts, Chris R. Brewin. European journal of psychotraumatology. 2017, 8, suppl. 7, 1 html.
- The Structure of ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in Lithuanian mental health services / Evaldas Kazlauskas, Goda Gegieckaite, Philip Hyland, Paulina Zelviene, Marylene Cloitre. European journal of psychotraumatology. 2018, 9, 1, p.
- Trauma exposure and factors associated with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in adolescence : a cross-cultural study in Japan and Lithuania / E. Kazlauskas, L. Jovarauskaite, K. Abe, C.R. Brewin, M. Cloitre, I. Daniunaite, Y. Haramaki, S. Hihara, A. Kairyte, Y. Kamite, K. Sugimura, S. Thoresen, P. Zelviene and I. Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences. 2022, 31, 49, p. 1-10.
