"Išsilavinęs, įdomus, veiklus..." - bendrine kalba ar tarme kalbantis žmogus?

Link to:
Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Knygos dalis / Part of the book
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
"Išsilavinęs, įdomus, veiklus..." - bendrine kalba ar tarme kalbantis žmogus?
Alternative Title:
"Educated, interesting, active...": does this refer to a person speaking a standard language or a dialect?
Authors:
Jakaitė-Bulbukienė, Kristina
In the Book:
Sociolingvistinė Lietuvos panorama: gyventojų kalbinės nuostatos ir kalbinis elgesys / mokslinė redaktorė Meilutė Ramonienė. Vilnius : Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2022. P. 161-179, 294-295
Subject Category:
LT
Lietuva (Lithuania); Kalbos vartojimas. Sociolingvistika / Language use. Sociolinguistics; Tarmės. Dialektai. Dialektologija / Dialects. Dialectology; Bendrinė kalba. Kalbos norminimas / Standard language. Language standartization.
Summary / Abstract:

LTNe vieną dešimtmetį Lietuvos mokyklose vyraujanti standartizacijos ideologija palaikė požiūrį, kad tarmių vertė yra mažesnė nei bendrinės kalbos. Tačiau gyvenimas keičiasi, visuomenėje vis daugiau diskutuojama apie standartizacijos idėją, jos supratimą, įgyvendinimą, atsiranda laisvesnio požiūrio, nebemanoma, kad reikia standartinę kalbą vartoti visur ir visada, kad galima atskirti viešą ir privačią vartoseną. Taip pat išpopuliarėjus socialiniams tinklams atsirado dar viena erdvė, kurioje kalba dažnai vartojama laisvai, kur ji yra labai arti sakytinės, taip pat ir tarminės. Sustiprėjo ir kai kurių Lietuvos regionų etninės tapatybės paieškos, savitumo, išskirtinumo siekis, kartu išaugo tarmės vertė, atsirado tarmės svarbos suvokimas. Tačiau jau užaugo ne viena karta, baigusi mokyklą, kurioje vyravo labai stipri standartizacijos idėja, karta, kur ne visi tarmę mokantys tėvai jos mokė savo vaikus. Šiai kartai bendrinė kalba ar su vietos tarme sumišusi bendrinė kalba yra gimtoji kalba, jau nebe mokykloje išmokta taisyklių rinkinį primenanti kalba, bet namų ir šeimos kalba, vienintelė, kurią moka, todėl sava ir graži. Kaip apie tarmes buvo manoma, kad jos kaimietiškos ir senamadiškos, taip apie bendrinę kalbą – kad ji šalta, nenatūrali ir oficiali. Tačiau visuomenėje matyti ryškūs pokyčiai, santykis su kalbos atmainomis kinta, todėl verta tirti, kur link einama. [Iš straipsnio, p. 161]

ENThis chapter analyses attitudes in society towards different linguistic varieties. It aims to reveal what prevailing attitudes regarding the standard language and dialects are observed in society and what social values are attributed to these varieties. Attempts are also made to compare attitudes with each other, to see if societal attitudes are changing, and if so, to identify directions of emerging changes. The applied methods include a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis of interviews, analysing the questions from the quantitative questionnaire and qualitative interviews that asked for a characterisation of a person who speaks a standard language or a dialect. In the quantitative questionnaire, the respondents were asked to choose one of the two characteristics attributed to a standard language or a dialect speaker. The contrasting pairs characterised education, a job status, place of living, style of speaking, social attractiveness, and ability to act. The informants of the qualitative interview were asked to describe an unfamiliar speaker of the standard language or a dialect. The quantitative questionnaire revealed that the most frequently attributed qualities to a standard language speaker by respondents are related to education (educated) and a style of speaking (attempt to speak correctly, formal). Women, especially young ones, are statistically significantly more likely to attribute a more positive description to standard language speakers in terms of status, education, ability to act, and social attractiveness. It is important to note that a significant number of respondents did not have a clear opinion on which characteristic they would attribute to a standard language speaker.Qualitative interviews most frequently referred to education as a quality characteristic of an individual who speaks a standard language. However, several informants stated that they would feel uncomfortable being near such a person. The quantitative questionnaire revealed that the most common characteristics attributed to a dialect speaker by respondents include social attractiveness (warm, pleasant, interesting), competence (active, self-confident), education (educated), and a speaking style (simple and colloquial). It is important to note that the answer ‘I don’t know’ was a really common response when describing a dialect speaker in terms of all aspects. The respondents who speak a dialect themselves were statistically significantly more likely to think that a dialect speaker is educated, warm, pleasant, self-confident, interesting and active. The opinion of the middle-aged and older respondents forms a traditional portrait of a dialect speaker, which has also been revealed in previous research. The younger respondents tend to attribute the characteristics to dialect speakers that, according to the previous studies, were considered to be the characteristics of a standard language speaker. The qualitative interviews showed that the informants found it difficult to describe a dialect speaker who is unfamiliar to them. A variety of opinions is also observed, and some of them associate such a person with village life. It is also noteworthy that some of the participants agreed with this stereotype, while others strongly rejected it. Moreover, there were opinions, especially from the dialect speakers themselves, that such a person is close, related to them, and, consequently, the dimension of social attractiveness is disclosed. [From the publication p. 294-295]

Subject:
Kalbotyra / Linguistics
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Updated:
2024-04-23 19:33:05
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