Vilniaus Aukštutinės pilies rūmai

LTAukštutinės pilies rūmų liekanos (UK 24710), dar vadinamos Kunigaikščių rūmais, yra Vilniaus piliavietės, vadinamos Gedimino kalnu (UK 141), aikštelės R pakraštyje. 2016 m. buvo rengiamas minėtų rūmų tvarkybos ir pritaikymo lankymui projektas. Nors šioje vietoje archeologiniai tyrimai vykdyti bent du kartus, tačiau tyrimų medžiaga neišlikusi arba klaidinga ir sunkiai suprantama. 2016 m. siekta išsiaiškinti arba patikslinti rūmų pamatų įleidimo gylį, jų būklę, įvertinti, ar šioje vietoje yra išlikęs ir kokiu laikotarpiu datuojamas kultūrinis sluoksnis. Žvalgomųjų tyrimų metu ištirti 5 skirtingo dydžio šurfai. 4 šurfai tirti rūmų viduje, vienas – išorėje. Iš viso ištirtas bendras 20,3 m2 plotas. 2016 m. atliekant tyrimus, didelėje dalyje fiksuoti XX a. suardymai ir perkasimai. Nedidelė tyrimų apimtis neleido atsakyti į klausimą, kada buvo pastatyti mūriniai rūmai. Centrinės patalpos pertvarinė siena stovi ant XIII a. datuojamo sluoksnio. Tvirtai teigti, kad mūras pastatytas būtent XIII a. pabaigoje, negalima, nes tirtuose plotuose fiksuotas viršutinių sluoksnių suardymas XX a. Nerastas neabejotinas XIV– XV a. kultūrinio sluoksnio horizontas, kuris galbūt nukastas tarpukariu. O datuotas XIII a. kultūrinio sluoksnio horizontas galėjo būti iš dalies nukastas statant mūrinę pilį. [...]. [Iš teksto, p. 174-175, 182]

ENA landscaping and tourism adaptation project was organised in 2016 among the remnants of the palace of the Upper castle in Vilnius and on the E edge of the hilltop. The investigation sought to ascertain or check the depth to which the palace’s foundation extended into the ground as well as the foundation’s condition and to evaluate whether a cultural layer from any period had survived at this location. Five various sized test pits (a total of 20.3 m2 ) were excavated during the evaluation: four inside the palace and one outside it. The previous investigation in the royal palace and its vicinity had been conducted in two stages: 1933–1934 and 1938–1939. The locations at which the investigation had occurred in 1933–1934 were unknown because the material had not been published. The 1938–1939 investigation had been conducted in a roughly 45 m x 12 m area near the W royal palace and in at least two palace rooms. In 1958–1959, the foundation of the royal palace had been evaluated using test pits (under the direction of Sigitas Lasavickas). A complex, repeatedly disturbed stratigraphy was recorded in the central room of the palace. A layer of 20th century rubble up to 40 cm thick was found in the E part of the test pit. Towards the W, the cultural layer thickened, reaching a thickness of 3 m at the palace’s W wall. Several cultural layer horizons, which outwardly appear to have formed at different times, were recorded at this location, but an AMS dating of samples led to the conclusion that earthwork on a considerable scale, possibly connected with the construction of the wooden castle, occurred at this location between the late 12th and the second half of the 13th centuries. A 5th-century cultural layer horizon, which contained sherds of pottery with rough surfaces and an awl, was definitely reached below those layers.The discovered flint and brushed pottery finds indicate that an even earlier cultural layer horizon, which was disturbed in places and recorded at a secondary location, existed at this site. This layer could possibly be reached under the rough pottery layer at the W part of the palace, but no attempt was made owing to safety concerns. Almost no cultural layer was recorded in the palace’s S room. Under the paving and the 20th century layer of rubble lay natural yellow dusty sand. In the palace’s E part lay reddish moraine clay loam. Only sunken structures were recorded in the room: one contained a sherd of brushed pottery, another was dated to the 14th century on the basis of sparse finds discovered there. The cultural layers had apparently been dug up prior to the war. The investigation conducted in the palace’s N room yielded fairly little information because digging from 20th century investigations was recorded at the site. An indeterminate masonry structure, which could possibly be connected with the former floor level in the room, was discovered below the paving and a thin layer of rubble up to 10 cm thick. During the 2016 investigation, 20th century disturbances and digging were recorded in a large part of the area. The small scale of the investigation did not allow the question of when the masonry palace was erected to be answered. The partition wall of the central room stood on a 13th century layer. It is impossible to firmly state that the masonry wall was built just then, in the late 13th century, because of the recorded disturbance of the upper layers in the excavated area in the 20th century. No definite 14th–15th century cultural layer horizon was discovered, but it could have been dug up during the interwar period. The 13th century cultural layer horizon could have been partially dug up in erecting the masonry castle. [From the publication]