Kai kurios kraštovaizdžio architektūros mokslinių tyrimų aktualijos

LTSusisteminus darnios ir tvarios kraštovaizdžio architektūros raidą, problematiką pasaulyje bei būklę Lietuvoje 1991-2021 metų laikotarpiu, nustatyta, kad kraštovaizdžio formavimo praktiniai projektai vis mažiau grindžiami mokslinių tyrimų rezultatais bei rekomendacijomis. Taip neišvengiama sprendinių primityvumo, funkcinio nepagrįstumo, prarandama galimybė sukurti aukštesnės meninės vertės ir ekologiškai pagrįstus žaliosios infrastruktūros objektus. Šio straipsnio autoriai savarankiškai vykdė tyrimus įvairiuose kraštovaizdžio architektūros sektoriuose. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama plačiau pažvelgti į kai kuriuos kraštovaizdžio mokslinių tyrimų problematikos aspektus Lietuvoje ir pateikti mokslinių tyrimų poreikio prioritetus. Pažymėtina tai, kad mokslinių tyrimų aktualijas peržvelgia įvairią patirtį turinys mokslininkai. Pvz., P. Grecevičiaus patirtis jau siekia 45 metus, o V. Vaikutė Eidimtienė tik baigia rengti daktaro disertaciją. Tai leidžia autoriams tiksliau įvertinti ilgametę mokslinių tyrimų patirtį, atsižvelgti į naujausias pasaulines tendencijas kraštovaizdžio architektūros tyrimų srityje. Raktiniai žodžiai: kraštovaizdžio architektūra; kraštovaizdžio moksliniai tyrimai; darni plėtra; tvari aplinka. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe aim of the article is to discuss the more important concepts, meanings, reasons and regularities of architectural tradition in landscape architecture research and to answer the question whether the continuity of construction tradition can give a new quality to rural architecture. After systematizing the development of harmonious and sustainable landscape architecture, problems in the world and the situation in Lithuania in the period of 1991- 2021, it has been established that practical projects of landscape formation are less and less based on research results and recommendations. This inevitably avoids the primitiveness of solutions, functional unreasonableness, and the opportunity to create objects of higher artistic value and ecologically based green infrastructure. The authors of this article have independently conducted research in various sectors of landscape architecture. The article aims to take a broader look at some aspects of landscape research issues in Lithuania and to present the priorities for research needs. It should be noted that the topicality of research is reviewed by scientists with various experiences. If P. Grecevičius’ experience is already 45 years old, then V. Vaikutė Eidimtienė is just finishing her doctoral dissertation. This allows the authors to more accurately evaluate the many years of research experience, to take into account the latest global trends in the field of landscape architecture research.The tradition and attitudes towards research itself change from time to time, from denial to exaltation, to its destruction or preservation. XXI a. a new evaluation of the phenomena of culture in general and of the cultural landscape is being formed in society, the tradition of high artistic value is perceived as a medium and source of individual creativity. It also encourages the search for new landscape architectural solutions that generate a creative continuity of the beautiful environmental tradition. Tradition, like heritage, fits the dimension of authenticity, which can be broken down into individual elements necessary for the realization of creative thought. In the development of traditional landscape architecture, materials and forms change more slowly than functions and technologies. In the modern conception, these elements of landscape architecture are not interconnected, they are freely chosen, modeled according to the individuality of the customer or developer, his identity. The architecture of today’s rural and urban landscape often no longer embodies the original meanings of content associated with an inherited tradition, but innovative creative ideas chosen from elsewhere, no longer tied to local contexts, sometimes roughly embedded in the local historical environment.The culture of landscape research integrates traditions and innovations in the process of societal change, the relationship of which influences the change of identities of places, communities and people. The tradition of good landscape architecture can be deliberately revived, restored, modified. The distinguishing features and characteristics of the landscape of individual places, towns and regions - commonality, similarity, integrity, continuity of tradition - can be not only inherited, but also consciously chosen. Landscape architects have a special responsibility for the ongoing changes in Lithuanian cultural landscapes, who change the identity of the place, as well as the community, by using solutions based on scientific knowledge that are not based on scientific knowledge. Unfortunately, the efforts of individual researchers in landscape architecture are not enough in this place, a unified state policy and an institution that creatively manages the field of research in landscape architecture is needed. [From the publication]