Kristijono Donelaičio patarimai "Metuose": Rašytojo pasaulėžiūros atspindys

LTTiek formos, tiek kalbos ir poetinės plotmės aspektais Kristijono Donelaičio „Metai“ gali būti laikomi kasdienio gyvenimo ir asmenybės formavimo vadovu. Straipsnyje analizuojami kai kurie K. Donelaičio „Metų“ poetiniai vaizdiniai, atspindintys jo protestantiškos pasaulėžiūros dėsnius, kurie labai dažnai pasireiškia patarimų ir pamokslavimo pavidalu. Nagrinėjamos autoriaus patarimų temos (tautinė tapatybė ir tautiškumas, Donelaičio teologija, visiems metų laikams būdingi darbai, maisto/valgymo konceptas), pateikiama patarimų klasifikacija, aptariama poemos naratyvinė sistema ir pasakotojų tipai. Raktažodžiai: Donelaitis, „Metai“, protestantizmas, patarinėjimas. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe poem “The Seasons” (“Metai”) – can be perceived in terms of its form, language and poetic content as a guidebook of everyday life and as a tutorial on a personality formation. Due to the universal character of value system presented by Donelaitis in “The Seasons”, the numerous of indicated instructions, tips and advices have not become out of date in the moral, philosophical and identity sense. Donelaitis presented in “The Seasons” a traditional world view, which is characteristic of Lutheranism. He fullfilled his mission with the greatest responsibility and awareness – both as a pastor and as a poet. In the case of Donelaitis, we can speak about a kind of symbiosis of these two dimensions. He treated writing as a vocation, as an expression of the will of the Supreme, which was characteristic of the aesthetic of his times. Another important feature of Donelaitis’ preaching, which also corresponds to the Lutheran world view, is respect and patience to every life event. Lutheran theology is not theology of judgement and punishment, but it calls for teaching, explaining, enlightening and giving some advices. By citing examples of the honest people’s (“viežlybųjų”) behaviour, as well as, wicked ones (“nenaudėlių”), Donelaitis wanted to emphasize that the society is not perfect or impeccable. According to him, man is also not perfect, often weak, unknowing and erring. Donelaitis as a clergyman and a poet, had a noble task to do – not to judge, not to condemn, but train, teach and educate a man. This is the reason why the counselling and instructive part of the poem is so important and significant.Undoubtedly, Donelaitis tendency to teaching and preaching resulted from his education, as well as, his profession of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church’s priest. At the same time, counseling visible in his works is a feature, which connects “The Seasons” with tendencies of the Reformation and the Enlightenment Western literature characterized by its didactism, moralizing, partly rationalism and pietism. The article discusses some Donelaitis’ poetic features, which are a reflection of the Protestant world view’s principles based on the form of advices and sermons. It includes also analysis of advices’ topics (national identity; types of works, which were maintained at different times of year; Donelaitis’ theology; food concept), presentation of advices’ classification, as well as, discussion on narrative system used in the poem. [From the publication]