Lietuviškieji kompozitoriaus Wojciecho Gawrońskio (1868-1910) biografijos ir kūrybos epizodai: operų vizija

LTStraipsnio objektas - mažai tyrinėta Lietuvoje gimusio kompozitoriaus ir pianisto, vėlyvojo romantizmo muzikoje atstovo Wojciecho Gawrońskio (1868-1910) kūrybinė biografija. Čia pateikiami anksčiau neskelbti duomenys apie muziko bajorišką kilmę, šeimą, tikslinamos gyvenimo datos, nurodomi ryšiai su kūrybine Lietuvos ir Vilniaus inteligentija. Atskiras dėmesys publikacijoje sutelktas j operinę kūrybą, kurioje ypač ryškiai atsiskleidžia kompozitorių itin dominusios temos iš LDK ir ATR laikotarpio Lietuvos, Ukrainos ir Lenkijos istorijos. Visos trys operos - „Samuilas Zborowskis" (Samuel Zborowski), „Marija“ (Maria), „Pajauta“ (Pojata) - svarbus ir savitas Lietuvos muzikos istorijos puslapis. Straipsnyje analizuojama kompozitoriaus operų vizija: patriotinės tematikos paieška, libretų pagrindu tapusių literatūrinių kūrinių ir libre- tistų pasirinkimo paskatos (išlikę vien operos „Marija“ muzikos fragmentai). Raktažodžiai: Vilnius, Lietuva, XIX - XX a. pr., Wojciechas Gawrońskis, muzika, opera. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe subject of this article is the little-studied biography of Wojciech Gawroński (1868-1910), a composer, pianist, and representative of romanticism in music, born in Lithuania (Seimenai, now a village in the Trakai district within Vilnius County). One of the reasons behind the lack of attention this topic receives is, possibly, that many of his works have not survived or their fate is unknown. The sources available, although not particularly extensive, suggest that the legacy of this composer deserves undoubtedly greater attention from researchers and performers as a phenomenon of significance that reaches beyond the historical. This opinion is confirmed by the increasing interest in the composer’s work in Poland in recent years, with Gawrońskis works gradually returning to concert programmes. This article contains previously unpublished information about the composer’s noble ancestry and family and more precise dates of various life events. Gawrońskis biography and creative legacy are important for the music history of Lithuania in many ways: the composer was born in Lithuania, studied in Vilnius, worked in Kaunas and Vilnius, some key events in his life are connected to these cities, such as his baptism and two marriages. The composer chose themes from the history of Lithuania for his works, and a significant part of his peers were well-known figures of musical and cultural life who had lived and worked in Lithuania and Vilnius for a long time, such as the writer, music and theatre historian Antoni Witold Miller (librettist in two of Gawrońskis operas), composer and choir director Joachim Gliński, researcher of Vilnius cultural life and publicist Lucjan Uziębło, painter Karol Witkowski and others.The publication particularly focuses on operatic works, where themes from the history of Lithuania, Ukraine and Poland in the era of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth are particularly vividly unveiled. All three operas - Samuel Zborowski, Maria, Pojata - form an important and unique chapter in the music history of Lithuania (only fragments of Maria have survived). This article analyses the vision the composer had for the operas: his search for patriotic topics, the motives behind the choice of literary works that became the basis for the libretti, and the librettists themselves. Keywords: Vilnius, Lithuania, late 19th-early 20th century, Wojciech Gawroński, music, opera. [From the publication]