Psicho(pato)logijos sampratos tarpkultūriškumas socioideologiniu požiūriu

LTStraipsnyje kalbama apie psichikos, psichopatologijos ir psichopatologinės meninės išraiškos tarpkultūrinius aspektus, paliečiant ir Vakarų civilizacijos ir kultūros kolonijinę ideologiją. Tai, ką suvokiame kaip psichiką ir psichopatologiją, yra specifinė teorinė koncepcija, daugiausia kildinama iš Vakarų sociokultūrinės tradicijos. Viena vertus, psichikos, psichopatologijos (beprotybės), psichopatolologinės meninės išraiškos koncepcijos laikytinos iš dalies universaliomis, kadangi panašių aiškinimų galime aptikti ne tik Antikoje, tačiau ir senosiose nevakarietiškose kultūrose. Kita vertus, pozityvistinė psichikos ir psichopatologijos samprata, kaip ir terapinių praktikų koncepcijos, kildintinos išimtinai iš Vakarų modernių, t. y. XIX-XX a., mokslo ir filosofijos paradigmų. Taigi, šias koncepcijas galima laikyti specifiniu pasaulėžiūriniu modeliu, kuris labiau ar mažiau represyviai (buvo) taikomas nevakarietiškoms kultūroms kaip Vakarų sociokultūrinio kolonializmo ir neokolonializmo „projekto“ dalis. Nevakarietiškose kultūrose gyvavo alternatyvios vakarietiškai moderniai psichiatrijai psichikos ir psichopatologijai koncepcijos. Raktažodžiai: psichopatologija, kultūrinis universalumas, kultūros lokalumas, eurocentrizmas, sociokultūrinis kolonializmas, socioestetinė terapija, psichopatologinė kūryba, psichoterapija, (meno) terapija. [Iš leidinio]

ENWhat we perceive today as the psyche is a set of specific theoretical concepts in which the concept of psychopathology also unfolds. Thus, the concepts of psyche and psychopathology are entangled in broader worldview systems, elements of which we can find, for example, in ancient Eastern civilizations, as well as in antiquity. On the other hand, subjective, even ontology of psychopathology, as well as the phenomenon of psychopathological aesthetics, concepts of therapeutic practices were actively formed in Western cultures in the 19th—20th centuries. Thus, we can say that the above-mentioned concepts represent the model of this worldview and worldview of Western civilization and culture. We can also say that this worldview model is often retrospectively projected into both the past, and nonEuropean civilizations. We could treat it as so-called Eurocentric ideology, whose expansionary policies are often referred to as socio-cultural colonialism and neocolonialism. Therefore, the representatives of the so-called continental philosophy (as well as us in Lithuania, who attribute ourselves to it), it is difficult to avoid the ambiguous question as to what we consider universal, both in terms of psyche, psychopathology, or (patho)aesthetics in general, categories, is it really universal? Isn't in this case „universal" equally “Eurocentric”?.Equally, by focusing on the interpretation of the subconscious, pathological mental phenomena, ideas of spontaneous expression, one could not ignore the fact that the content of a particular culture has in any case permeated each individual at the levels of language and specific visual semantics. They also contain the above-mentioned phenomena. There is simply no „subconscious" or psychic structure that transcends culture beyond that. This is a socio-cultural projection. Thus, the subconscious, as well as the concepts of psychopathological (non)ontology, are to a large extent constructs of the so-called Western culture. Therefore, the issue of (non)universality of a certain culture in any case remains relevant and even contradictory not only at the theoretical, but also at the practical levels. Keywords: psychopathology, cultural universality, cultural locality, Eurocentrism, sociocultural colonialism, socio-aesthetic therapy, art of insane, psychotherapy, art therapy. [From the publication p. 535-536]