Vilniaus fenomenas ar skaudulys: eksdiviziniai namai 1795-1940 m.

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Vilniaus fenomenas ar skaudulys: eksdiviziniai namai 1795-1940 m
Alternative Title:
Vilnius phenomenon or a headache: exdivisional houses in 1795-1940
Authors:
In the Journal:
Istorija [History]. 2023, Nr. 129, p. 5-34
Subject Category:
LT
Lokalioji istorija / Local history; Socialinis mokslas / Social science; 1795-1915. Lietuva Rusijos imperijos sudėtyje; 20 amžius; Lietuva (Lithuania); Vilnius. Vilniaus kraštas (Vilnius region).
Summary / Abstract:

LTXIX a. antrosios pusės – XX a. pirmosios pusės dokumentuose, Vilniaus gyventojų atsiminimuose, spaudoje minimas eksdivizinių namų kvartalas, įsikūręs daugiausia Žydų, Antokolskio, Stiklių gatvėse. Jame pastatai avarinės būklės, būdingas didelis gyventojų tankumas ir antisanitarinės gyvenimo sąlygos. Šie šaltiniai inspiravo klausimą apie kadaise patrauklaus gyvenamojo būsto šalia miesto centro pokyčius 1795–1940 metais: eksdivizinių namų atsiradimo Vilniaus žydų gyvenamajame kvartale klausimus, gyvenamojo būsto degradacijos kvartale aspektus, Vilniaus miesto administracijos ir gyventojų iniciatyvas dėl kvartalo atnaujinimo. Ilgalaikėje perspektyvoje analizuojama kvartalo raida leis prisidėti prie šiuolaikinių miestų sociologinių tyrimų, kuriems neretai trūksta miesto plėtros istorinio konteksto. Esminiai žodžiai: eksdiviziniai namai, Vilniaus miesto gyvenamoji infrastruktūra, urbanizacija. [Iš leidinio]

ENIn a broad sense, the article raises the problem of the dynamics of Vilnius residential areas and the distribution of different social groups in the city space during the intensive development of the city in the period of 1870–1940. One of such segments in the narrow sense would be the study of the cyclic recurrence (revitalisation) of the housing in the so-called transit zone in a long-term perspective. In our particular case, it is a quarter of exdivisional houses formed in the central part of the city of Vilnius and the recirculation of its social prestige. The quarter of exdivisional houses, located basically on Žydų, Antokolskio, Stiklių streets in Vilnius is mentioned in the documents, memoirs of Vilnius residents, and the press of the 1st half of the 19th–the 2nd half of the 20th century. Exdivisional houses were distinguished by a special way of administration – the real estate of the indebted owner was divided in kind to the creditors and the house was divided into parts for several owners. Although such division of real estate in the city was not legalised by law, according to the available data, houses in Vilnius were divided according to the ex-divisional procedure at the very end of the 18th century, and their number grew most intensively between 1795 and 1813. This once luxurious quarter was intended to accommodate the Jewish community as far back as the 17th century, and people of different income, social status and hierarchy lived side by side until the 1st half of the 19th century. In the 2nd half of the 19th century, the quarter experienced urban decay, which is characterised by high population density, poor sanitary living conditions, unrepaired and abandoned real estate. As space was limited and the population was growing, many apartments were rented, and efforts were also made to maximally use a space for business.In addition, higher-income residents moved out of the quarter (especially after 1861, when the restrictions were lifted not permitting the Jews to settle freely throughout the city) to new, more comfortable, more modern housing spaces in Naujamiestis or Gediminas Prospect and its surroundings. According to these features, the block of exdivisional houses that existed in Vilnius can be assigned to the so-called cheap housing sector, the so-called inner city slums. The peculiarity of exdivisional houses in Vilnius is that they came into being not so much because of the immigration of workers looking for cheap housing in the growing city, but more because of historical circumstances, when the Jewish community had limited rights to settle in the whole of the city. In the 1920s and 1930s we can observe the individual initiatives of the residents of the quarter to renovate the existing property and maintenance works typical of the entire city centre started by the city administration, which allows us to talk about the first steps of the urban renewal. Keywords: exdivisional houses, Vilnius residential infrastructure, urbanisation. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.15823/istorija.2023.129.1
ISSN:
1392-0456; 2029-7181
Subject:
Istorija / History
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/106070
Updated:
2023-12-28 15:18:55
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